纵向岭谷区8月气温的年际变化及其影响因子

将地表温度和向外长波辐射拓展成为综合因子后，应用主分量-典型相关分析方法分析了纵向岭谷区76个测站8月气温与前期和同期地表温度和向外长波辐射因子间的关系。结果表明：7月及8月地表温度场和向外长波辐射场与云南纵向岭谷区8月温度场存在显著的相关关系，通过5％的显著性检验。前期及同期纵向岭谷区8月气温典型相关场的正、负值区分布情况大致相同，即纵向岭谷区北部怒江、澜沧江的上游流域和沿怒江、澜沧江、元江以西流域的8月气温与沿这3条河流以东的流域的同月气温为反向分布，其显著相关区位于3条河流以东和以西两个流域的德宏州、临沧市、思茅市、西双版纳州、大理州及楚雄州。菲律宾附近海域、中南半岛、南海及加里曼丹岛等区域是地表温度及向外长波辐射典型相关场中正、负值较大、较小的区域，也是影响纵向岭谷区8月气温的关键区域，同时印缅低压、西太平洋副热带高压是影响该区的关键系统。     

北京地区O3与NO2的偏相关分析

根据北京市环境监测中心1999年3月至2001年2月发布的北京地区空气质量日报和部分气象资料，利用FoxPro6.0数据库及世界著名统计分析软件包(Statistical Package or the Social Science,SPSS)，统计并分析了O2和NO2的污染变化特征及规律；结果显示了NO2的污染状况已经得到明显改善，而O3的污染状况仍较严重；O3与NO2呈现水平中等的负相关关系，分析和验证了NO2是生成O3的重要前体污染物；提出北京进一步改善在夏季出现的严重O3污染，还需进一步降低NO2的排放水平。     

Characterization of binding site heterogeneity for copper within dissolved organic matter fractions using two-dimensional correlation fluorescence spectroscopy

The heterogeneity of copper binding characteristics for dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions was investigated based on the fluorescence quenching of the synchronous fluorescence spectra upon the addition of copper and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). Hydrophobic acid (HoA) and hydrophilic (Hi) fractions of two different DOM (algal and leaf litter DOM) were used for this study. For both DOM, fluorescence quenching occurred at a wider range of wavelengths for the HoA fractions compared to the Hi fractions. The combined information of the synchronous and asynchronous maps derived from 2D-COS provided a clear picture of the heterogeneous distribution of the copper binding sites within each DOM fraction, which was not readily recognized by a simple comparison of the changes in the synchronous fluorescence spectra upon the addition of copper. For the algal DOM, higher stability constants were exhibited for the HoA versus the Hi fractions. The logarithms of the stability constants ranged from 4.8 to 6.1 and from 4.5 to 5.0 for the HoA and the Hi fractions of the algal DOM, respectively, depending on the associated wavelength and the fitted models. In contrast, no distinctive difference in the binding characteristics was found between the two fractions of the leaf litter DOM. This suggests that influences of the structural and chemical properties of DOM on copper binding may differ for DOM from different sources. The relative difference of the calculated stability constants within the DOM fractions were consistent with the sequential orders interpreted from the asynchronous 2D-COS. It is expected that 2D-COS will be widely applied to other DOM studies requiring detailed information on the heterogeneous nature and subsequent effects under a range of environmental conditions.     

浙江省太湖交界断面藻类预警应急监测指标特征分析

太湖藻类的爆发呈现一定的阶段性,根据2008年太湖藻类的时空分布,将藻类爆发划分为5个阶段。在太湖流域藻类预警应急监测期间,连续监测湖州市新塘港与太湖交界断面的8项水质指标,研究藻类爆发不同阶段交界断面水质指标的变化情况,采用Pearson相关分析法分析各水质指标间的相关性,探讨不同时期太湖流域藻类预警应急监测应重点关注的水质指标,为浙江省太湖流域藻类防控提供理论依据。     

太湖蓝藻水华的自动监测和手工监测比对分析

对夏季太湖野外水华蓝藻样本进行梯度稀释,将自动监测法与手工监测法(人工镜检法和分光光度法)进行比对分析,同时通过对野外样品的连续监测对实验结果进行验证.结果表明,对于以微囊藻为绝对优势种的夏季太湖水体,YSI-6600型和EXO2型便携式水质监测仪测得的叶绿素与人工镜检法测得的藻密度的调整后相关系数(R2adj)均值分...     

廉江某地区大气TSP、PM10、PM2.5污染水平及相关性研究

为研究廉江市大气颗粒物污染特征,于2014年11月～12月采集TSP、PM10、PM2.5样品,用重量法分析质量浓度,并对相关性进行分析.结果表明,用环境空气质量标准(GB 3095-2012)来衡量,廉江市冬季大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5的日均浓度均符合标准,环境空气状况良好;三个代表性采样点在监测周期内TSP、PM10、PM2.5的浓度变化趋势大体一致,监测结果能客观反映该区域颗粒物的污染状况;PM2.5与PM10,PM10与TSP之间均存在着显著相关性,回归方程相关性较好.     

Sustainable Development of Export： Theoretical Meaning, Evaluation Model, and Empirical Research

With the effect of the human trade doctrine in the international trade field, almost all the countries have paid more attention to the sustainable development of international trade. This article chose the export sustainable development as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical connotation of the export sustainable development, this article tried to establish an evaluation indices system and set up an evaluation model of the export sustainable development level, and finally made some empirical research on China. The result indicates that the comprehensive level of the export sustainable development in China showed a tendency to rise from 1985 to 2003 and the export sustainable development level of China in these years can be divided into four grades： excellent, good, moderate and poor. In most years, the social economic benefits of export was obtained at the cost of the deterioration of environment and the depletion of resources, and the economic profit of export did not increase with the enlargement of the export scale because of the deterioration of the terms of trade. Therefore, China should be careful about the problem of poverty accompanied by the increase of export.     

2015年中国近地面臭氧浓度特征分析

根据2015年全国189个城市的近地面臭氧浓度数据,使用ArcGIS等软件处理,从不同时空、地形特征、温度等方面分析得出中国近地面臭氧浓度的变化特征.2015年中国近地面的臭氧浓度变化呈先增高后降低的趋势,各季节中浓度大小关系呈夏季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 冬季的变化规律,且在7月达到全年最高值.中国各行政区中,华东、华南、华北地区的臭氧污染较为严重.在经纬度变化的影响方面,经度变化对近地面臭氧浓度的影响不大,而纬度变化使臭氧浓度变化明显;在同一纬度的3种不同地形对比中发现,不同的地形给近地面臭氧浓度带来的影响微乎其微.温度和近地面臭氧浓度的变化呈现良好的正相关关系.     

中国PM1浓度时空特征及其与AOD的相关性分析(2014～2017年)

整合2014～2017年全国PM₁监测站点数据,基于时间序列统计方法和空间系统聚类方法揭示了PM₁浓度的时空分布特征与演变规律.并结合MODIS遥感卫星气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)数据,分析了PM₁-AOD相关性的时空特征.结果显示,2014～2017年中国年均PM₁浓度逐年下降,四季PM₁浓度呈现“冬高夏低”的变化特征,月均PM₁浓度呈“U”型变化特征,在节假日前后PM₁浓度呈现“M”型变化特征,在一周中星期一和星期五PM₁浓度为高值点,星期日为低值点.基于空间系统聚类法将全国年均PM₁浓度分为7类区,全国PM₁浓度整体呈现“东高西低,北高南低”的空间分布格局,年均ρ(PM₁)值在华中地区最高(54.59μg·m^-3),新青藏地区年均最低(11.37μg·m^-3).PM₁-AOD关系整...     

钱塘江南源流域异常水质预测及影响因素分析

基于数据驱动的水质预测模型存在局限性,对突发水质异常事件的预测效果不佳。该研究选取钱塘江南源流域马戍口监测断面为研究对象,综合采用相关性分析方法对水质异常事件的主要影响因素进行分析,明确流域内、外因及土壤条件对水质异常指标的影响程度,探究造成模型局限性的深层原因。结果表明:异常水质的影响因素及其耦合机制复杂多变,异常浊度受降雨量、径流量的直接影响更大,异常高锰酸盐指数与温度、降雨量相关关系更明显,而总磷、总氮的异常变化与相对湿度、降雨量、径流量具有相关关系。研究结果对于提高气候变化背景下的水质预报能力具有重要的参考价值,可为自然流域水污染防治提供科学参考。