Turbulent Ventilation of a Street Canyon

A selection of turbulence data corresponding to 185 days of field measurements has been analysed. The non-ideal building geometry influenced the circulation patterns in the street canyon and the largest average vertical velocities were observed in the wake of an unbroken line of buildings. The standard deviation of vertical velocity fluctuations normalised by the ambient wind speed was relatively insensitive to ambient wind direction and sensor position, and it was usually larger than the corresponding 1-hour average velocity. Cross-correlations of spatially separated velocity measurements were small, and this suggests that most of the velocity fluctuations were fairly local and not caused by unsteady street vortices. The observed velocities scaled with the ambient wind speed except under low-wind conditions.     

2001—2010年青海湖流域植被覆盖时空变化特征

基于2001—2010年MODIS-EVI时间序列数据反演了青海湖流域植被覆盖的空间格局和变化规律,并结合气象观测数据,在年际、月际等不同时间尺度上分析了植被变化及其对气候变化的响应以及驱动机制。结果表明:(1)2001—2010年青海湖流域总体植被变化趋于变好,EVI值10年共增长10.38%,其中春季和夏季植被增长率最大,10年增长率分别达到15.2%和18.63%;(2)植被对气候因子的响应具有明显的空间异质性。流域内植被覆盖增加的区域占全流域面积的70.68%,其中显著增加的区域占8.2%,主要分布在布哈河中游以及青海湖北部草场地区,植被覆盖下降的区域占总面积的29.32%,主要分布在西北高海拔地区以及青海湖湖滨沙地;(3)植被变化对气候因子的响应具有复杂性,在不同时间尺度上EVI和气候因子相关性不同。在年际尺度上,EVI和气温的相关系数是0.29,和降水无明显相关性;但比较10年中的生长季,即植被生长5—9月的EVI和气温、降水相关性为0.33和0.27,这里降水相关性显著增高,总体上说,气温是年际植被变化的主导因素。在月际尺度上,EVI和气温、降水强烈相关,相关系数分别为0.76、0.86(P0.01)。青海湖地区地处高海拔地区,且雨热同季,某种程度上揭示了高原植被的生长策略和对气候的响应机制。     

Geostatistical Analysis of data on AIR Temperature and Plant Phenology From Baden-Württemberg (GERMANY) as a Basis for Regional Scaled Models of Climate Change

The rise of the air temperature is assured to be part of the global climatic change, but there is still a lack of knowledge about its effects at a regional scale. The article tackles the correlation of air temperature with the phenology of selected plants by the example of Baden-Württemberg to provide a spatial valid data base for regional climate change models. To this end, the data on air temperature and plant phenology, gathered from measurement sites without congruent coverage, were correlated after performing geostatistical analysis and estimation. In addition, geostatistics are used to analyze and cartographically depict the spatial structure of the phenology of plants in spring and in summer. The statistical analysis reveals a significant relationship between the rising air temperature and the earlier beginning of phenological phases like blooming or fruit maturation: From 1991 to 1999 spring time, as indicated by plant phenology, has begun up to 15 days earlier than from 1961 to 1990. As shown by geostatistics, this holds true for the whole territory of Baden-Württemberg. The effects of the rise of air temperature should be investigated not only by monitoring biological individuals, as for example plants, but on an ecosystem level as well. In Germany, the environmental monitoring should be supplemented by the study of the effects of the climatic change in ecosystems. Because air temperature and humidity have a great influence on the temporal and spatial distribution of pathogen carriers (vectors) and pathogens, mapping of the environmental determinants of vector and pathogen distribution in space and time should be performed in order to identify hot spots for risk assessment and further detailed epidemiological studies.     

灰色关联矩阵优势分析在水环境质量综合评价中的应用

把一条河流视为一灰色系统，应用灰色关联矩阵优势分析法，并以国际[1]为参照系，进行综合评价，通过尝试说明该数学模型有较强的分辨能力，是一种接近实际的方法。     

基于大数据方法的垃圾焚烧发电厂环境执法监管数据预测模型探究

在垃圾焚烧发电厂运行系统负荷特性统计指标和污染源监督性监测数据积累的大数据背景下,有效提取数据之间的关联特征对于垃圾焚烧系统规划运行和执法监管具有重大意义。首先,通过Pearson关联分析获得运行负荷特性指标和排放特征指标任意2因素之间的相关性特征;然后利用SPSS及Python软件,构建用以预测烟气污染因子排放量的多元线性回归模型及BP神经网络模型。对模型预测结果进行了比较,结果表明,多元线性回归模型和BP神经网络模型都能应用于烟气污染因子排放量的预测,进一步得出的BP神经网络模型的预测效果优于多元线性回归模型。本研究对于探究工业污染源环境执法建模和定量分析污染源排放水平具有参考价值。     

徐州市不同类型颗粒物重污染过程特征及组分差异性分析

经过多年的大气污染防治,我国空气质量有了大幅改善,但重污染过程仍有发生。对2018—2021年徐州市3种不同类型颗粒物重污染过程的污染特征、演变趋势、PM_2.5组分特征和相关性及污染成因分析结果表明:在不同类型的重污染过程中,二次无机离子NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺在PM_2.5中的占比均是最高。在累积型重污染期间,NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺分别增长144%、142%、183%,二次无机离子对PM_2.5的增长贡献较大。结合相关性分析及SOR、NOR值发现,硝酸盐和硫酸盐的二次生成作用显著。在沙尘型重污染期间,结合雷达监测结果及后向轨迹图可以看出,沙尘沉降至高空与近地面污染物叠加造成颗粒物高值。化学组分中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺浓度对PM_2.5浓度的影响最大,二次生成和转化对其影响较小。在烟花燃放型重污染期间,和烟花爆竹有关的K⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-离子较污染前分别上升1 112%、2 058%、和239%,对污染过程影响显著。     

呼伦贝尔地区草原表层土壤中总有机碳与有机质初探

通过非分散红外线吸收法测定呼伦贝尔地区具有代表性的16个草原表层土壤(0~20 cm)中总有机碳、溶解性有机碳,使用重铬酸钾容量法测定有机质,并对其总有机碳与有机质水平及两者相关性进行了分析。初步分析了造成各样品之间总有机碳水平差异的原因。结果表明,只以打草场作为利用方式的土壤总有机碳含量较常年放牧场的总有机碳含量高。从草原类型和土壤类型上看,草甸草原总有机碳含量明显高于典型草原,黑钙土总有机碳含量明显高于栗钙土。综上,过度放牧会使草原土壤总有机碳大量释放。总有机碳含量与有机质含量有显著正相关性,相关系数达到0.902。     

汕头市练江流域景观格局与水质的关联分析

水环境对景观格局的变化极为敏感,水域(湿地)面积、分布格局、水质、水文特征等的变化,与土地变化和人类活动有着密切的关系,明确影响水质变化的关键景观因子,对于深入了解景观格局对水质的影响机制具有重要的研究价值.该研究选择广东省汕头市练江流域为研究对象,以2019年TM卫星影像、水质监测以及工业点源污染数据为基础,利用Sp...