直接红染料在粉煤灰上的吸附行为研究

文章探讨了直接红染料在粉煤灰上的吸附行为及其机理。结果显示,粉煤灰对直接红染料有较好的去除效果;当NaCl浓度≤12.5 g/L,盐分增加对直接大红的去除率影响不明显,NaCl浓度≥15 g/L,盐分增加,直接大红的去除率有所增大;当十二烷基磺酸钠浓度≤0.5 g/L,直接大红在粉煤灰上的吸附量随表面活性剂浓度上升明显下降,继续增加表面活性剂浓度,影响则不明显。     

筋‐土界面刚度软化对加筋土挡墙动力特性的影响∗

加筋土挡墙被广泛应用于公路工程、铁路工程、水利工程、边坡等支挡结构中,筋土界面的动力剪切特性对加筋土挡墙的稳定性和耐久性有重要的影响。采用室内直剪试验研究了不同剪切频率(1 Hz,2 Hz,3 Hz)和不同竖向压力(50 kPa,100 kPa,150 kPa)条件下粗粒土与格栅界面的循环剪切特性。通过对循环剪切试验数据的拟合分析得到了筋土界面剪切刚度变化的经验公式,然后编制fish语言将该公式导入FLAC3D软件。通过分析考虑筋土界面剪切刚度变化规律的加筋挡土墙三维计算模型,并与振动台试验的试验数据进行了对比验证,发现了考虑筋土界面刚度软化的模型更符合实际情况。采用验证以后的三维计算模型对地震作用下考虑筋土界面和不考虑筋土界面剪切刚度软化的加筋土挡墙动力特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:考虑筋土界面剪切刚度的软化对地震作用下加筋土挡墙有明显的影响,在地震峰值加速度为0.4g时,考虑软化后墙体水平位移比不考虑软化增大了8.8%,加速度放大系数比不考虑软化增大了1.76%,筋材的最大拉力比不考虑软化的减小了6.9%。因此筋土界面的剪切刚度软化对地震作用下加筋土挡墙的影响不可忽略。     

土壤氧化还原电位测定方法的探讨与研究

是选用铂电极直接测定法来测定土壤的氧化还原电位,该方法是采用铂电极作为氧化还原电极,饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,两者之间存在电位差的原理而测得的。通过大量的试验数据,表明该方法是简便易行的,对于一般的土壤都有实际参考价值。最后,对此过程中遇到的问题进行了深入的探讨和研究,并提出了具体解决方案。     

改性蒙脱土颗粒吸附直接染料的分形特征

研究了改性蒙脱土颗粒(050823和MMT35)吸附2种直接染料(直接耐晒黑G和直接大红4BE)的吸附特性,并从类分形动力学规律、颗粒吸附染料前后的表面分形特征变化等方面对上述吸附过程进行了探讨.结果表明,颗粒对染料的吸附可分为快速的边缘覆盖和缓慢的晶层吸附2个过程.整个吸附过程符合准-二级反应动力学方程,并且染料进入晶层的吸附阶段具有类分形特征.除MMT35-直接大红4BE染料吸附体系外,Freundlich、Langmuir吸附等温模型的非线性方程、不同形式的线性方程及分形Langmuir模型对其余3个吸附体系(050823-直接耐晒黑G、050823-直接大红4BE、MMT35-直接耐晒黑G)等温线数据的模拟均取得了较好的效果,其中,非线性方程是获得统一模型参数较好的方法.此外,染料分子主要通过静电引力/斥力和范德华引力的综合作用吸附在颗粒上,并通过晶层膨胀和开孔作用,使颗粒表面粗糙度增加,相应的表面分形维数Ds升高.     

关于钢铁工业海水直接利用的技术探讨

在工业领域中钢铁工业是用水大户,临海建厂是未来中国钢铁产业布局的方向。向海洋要淡水,取之不尽、用之不竭。将海水直接利用于生产,可减少海水淡化成本、节约能源、降低钢铁企业生产成本。就钢铁企业的海水直接利用技术进行了初步的分析和探讨,可作为实际工程的参考。     

污水再生用于湖泊的补水模式及其环境效应

提出一种污水分散处理与景观水体修复相结合的城市景观湖泊补水模式,探讨了该模式的经济效益和环境效应.结果表明,采用该补水模式,污水回用成本为常规补水工艺的12%～35%.在高温雨季,分散处理系统出水能够直接满足景观湖泊补水要求;而在低温旱季,沿景观湖泊水流方向,湖泊水质迅速从V类变为III类,污染物集中在分散处理系统以及景观湖泊前端(HRT<2d)去除,大部分湖区可作为全身接触性娱乐类景观功能区.     

石化废水挥发性有机物逸散量的估算方法

总结了实测法、物料衡算法、模型法、排放系数法、工程估算法等国内外石化废水挥发性有机物(VOCs)逸散量估算方法的主要特点及适用范围。应用排放系数法和实测法估算国内某石化厂废水收集处理系统VOCs逸散量为354.26 t/a。根据估算方法的实际应用研究,建议物料衡算法中废水油相VOCs逸散可结合油相敞口面积和油相性质,提供废水油相的排放系数;应用Water 9软件估算含油膜废水设施逸散量时,应单独估算油膜VOCs逸散量;建议排放系数法中废水收集系统排水口、检查井未密闭VOCs排放系数均确定为0.032 kg/h(每个逸散源),废水处理系统油水分离器、气浮装置按进水中石油类浓度的大小,分别提供VOCs排放系数。     

In Flanders Fields: De/politicization and Democratic Debate on a GM Potato Field Trial Controversy in News Media

In May 2011, a highly mediatized direct action in the form of a “field liberation” took place in Flanders, Belgium, against a field trial of genetically modified potatoes. This direct action and its aftermath revealed the conflictual and antagonistic nature of the genetically modified organisms debate in Flanders. Consequently, it serves as a particularly suitable case to investigate the post-political thesis with regard to environmental discourse and politics. The aim of this paper is to investigate in what ways news media in their reporting contribute to processes of depoliticization and, resultantly, impede a democratic debate on the issues at stake. This paper attempts to provide an answer to this question based on a critical discourse analysis of the reporting by Flanders’ two generalist, elite newspapers, De Standaard and De Morgen and the alternative online news site DeWereldMorgen. The findings reveal the existence of three ideological cultures, which are characterized by different degrees of de/politicization. We conclude by discussing how this study adds to our understanding of the relation between the depoliticization of environmental discourse, democratic debate and twenty-first-century news media.     

Method validation for control determination of mercury in fresh fish and shrimp samples by solid sampling thermal decomposition/amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry

A method for the determination of total mercury in fresh fish and shrimp samples by solid sampling thermal decomposition/amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA AAS) has been validated following international foodstuff protocols in order to fulfill the Brazilian National Residue Control Plan. The experimental parameters have been previously studied and optimized according to specific legislation on validation and inorganic contaminants in foodstuff. Linearity, sensitivity, specificity, detection and quantification limits, precision (repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility), robustness as well as accuracy of the method have been evaluated. Linearity of response was satisfactory for the two range concentrations available on the TDA AAS equipment, between approximately 25.0 and 200.0 μg kg^?1 (square regression) and 250.0 and 2000.0 μg kg^?1 (linear regression) of mercury. The residues for both ranges were homoscedastic and independent, with normal distribution. Correlation coefficients obtained for these ranges were higher than 0.995. Limits of quantification (LOQ) and of detection of the method (LDM), based on signal standard deviation (SD) for a low-in-mercury sample, were 3.0 and 1.0 μg kg^?1, respectively. Repeatability of the method was better than 4%. Within-laboratory reproducibility achieved a relative SD better than 6%. Robustness of the current method was evaluated and pointed sample mass as a significant factor. Accuracy (assessed as the analyte recovery) was calculated on basis of the repeatability, and ranged from 89% to 99%. The obtained results showed the suitability of the present method for direct mercury measurement in fresh fish and shrimp samples and the importance of monitoring the analysis conditions for food control purposes. Additionally, the competence of this method was recognized by accreditation under the standard ISO/IEC 17025.     

水中四环素类化合物在不同光源下的光降解

研究了模拟太阳光和实际室外太阳光下四环素类化合物在水溶液中的光降解。结果表明,四环素类化合物(TCs)在模拟太阳光照射下均能发生直接光降解,且其降解速率随pH不同变化很大。四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)、金霉素(CTC)和多西环素(DTC)的光降解速率随溶液pH升高明显加快,而米诺环素(MTC)在水中的光降解速率随溶液pH升高略有下降。天然水体pH范围内,模拟太阳光照下四环素类化合物表观光降解速率常数在0.004～0.026 min-1范围内,降解半衰期在26～136 min范围内。在室外实际太阳光照下,四环素类化合物光降解反应速率与太阳光强成正比例关系。晴朗无云天气下,四环素类化合物降解半衰期在春冬季节较长、夏季节较短;四环素在东江实际水体中表观光降解速率很快,在冬季晴天天气下,其平均半衰期仅为8.2 min。