Localising the global food system

Agricultural systems have become increasingly industrialized and mechanized, relying on machinery and chemical inputs, rather than people and natural processes, to increase yields of food. The trend towards an increasingly globalised food system encourages unsustainable transportation of food around the world. Agricultural intensification and the globalisation of the agrofood chain has resulted in adverse environmental, social and economic consequences impeding moves towards sustainability. Organic farming can overcome many of the environmental problems associated with agricultural intensification. However, it does not have the potential to fully address the social and economic problems caused by the globalisation of the food system. Organic farming must be combined with local and regional sourcing of food products, for instance through forms of direct marketing of organic produce. Direct marketing schemes such as farmers' markets, food box delivery schemes and community-supported agriculture are all projects which, if managed with sustainability as the prime objective, have the potential to move towards a more socially, environmentally and economically sustainable agrofood system.     

Adsorption property of direct fast black onto acid-thermal modified sepiolite and optimization of adsorption conditions using Box-Behnken response surface methodology

The adsorption of direct fast black onto acid-thermal modified sepiolite was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the influences of experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, initial solution pH and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process. The three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for modeling and optimization of the adsorption conditions for direct fast black onto the acid-thermal modified sepiolite. The raw sepiolite was converted to acid-thermal modified sepiolite, and changes in the fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) adsorption bands of the sample were noted at 3435 cm^-1 and 1427 cm^-1. The zeolitic water disappeared and the purity of sepiolite was improved by acid-thermal modification. The decolorization rate of direct fast black adsorbed increased from 68.2% to 98.9% on acid-thermal modified sepiolite as the initial solution pH decreased from 10 to 2. When the adsorbent dosage reached to 2.5 g·L^-1, 2.0 g·L^-1, 1.5 g·L^-1 and 1.0 g·L^-1, the decolorization rate was 90.3%, 86.7%, 61.0% and 29.8%, respectively. When initial dye concentration increased from 25 to 200 mg·L^-1, the decolorization rate decreased from 91.9% to 60.0%. The RSM results showed that the interaction between adsorbent dosage and pH to be a significant factor. The optimum conditions were as follows: the adsorbent dosage 1.99 g·L^-1, pH 4.22, and reaction time 5.2 h. Under these conditions, the decolorization rate was 95.1%. The three dimensional fluorescence spectra of direct fast black before and after treatment showed that the direct fast black was almost all adsorbed by the acid-thermal modified sepiolite.     

粗铅冶炼过程铅元素流分析

针对粗铅冶炼生产过程中铅金属环境污染问题,应用元素流分析方法,建立了粗铅冶炼过程铅元素流分析框架. 以液态高铅渣直接还原工艺为研究对象,通过监测和分析配料、底吹炉、还原炉、烟化炉等工序含铅样品数据及企业台账数据,对生产过程中铅元素流进行全过程识别和追踪分析. 结果表明:粗铅冶炼系统铅元素平衡系数为98.61%,铅回收率为98.28%,但铅直收率仅为74.39%,与国内外先进水平相比,还有一定提升空间;单位粗铅产品烟尘、铅尘产生量分别为0.636和0.308 t/t;排放量最大的烟囱是还原炉-烟化炉烟囱,其次为岗位环保烟囱和底吹炉制酸烟囱,三者排放量分别占废气铅排放量的69.06%、25.81%、5.13%. 针对粗铅冶炼生产过程中存在的问题,提出了优先提高铅直收率、降低烟尘率、减少无组织粉尘散逸、采用高效脱硫除尘协同防治技术等建议.      

空气中二氧化氮检测技术的研究进展

综述了近年来空气中二氧化氮的检测技术,按照检测原理,将其分为间接检测技术和直接检测技术两大类.间接检测技术包括分光光度法、离子色谱法、传感器法、荧光光谱法和化学发光法;直接检测技术包括差分吸收光谱法、激光诱导荧光法和光腔衰荡光谱法.分别介绍了各检测技术的基本原理、研究现状以及优缺点,并对空气中二氧化氮检测技术的发展前景...     

武汉市巡司河中抗生素分布特征及生态风险评价

采用大体积直接进样—超高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析武汉市巡司河中45种抗生素的存在水平,评估其可能存在的生态风险。在巡司河布设6个采样点,于2022年12月—2023年5月进行采样并分析。结果显示,6个采样点共检出27种抗生素,检出最大质量浓度为874.2 ng/L;其中,氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星检出率均为100%。监测期间,12月抗生素平均质量浓度最高（101.05 ng/L）,4月最低（25.87 ng/L）。6个点位中,点位S3与S5抗生素平均质量浓度高于其他点位,分别为1 721.20和1 734.07 ng/L;点位S4是巡司河与长江的交汇处,抗生素平均质量浓度最低（94.54 ng/L）。利用风险商值法对巡司河中抗生素生态风险开展评价,结果表明：氧氟沙星、罗红霉素和克拉霉素呈现出较高风险,左氧氟沙星、林可霉素和莫西沙星在大多数点位处于中等风险,其余几种抗生素风险较低。     

水中四环素类化合物在不同光源下的光降解

研究了模拟太阳光和实际室外太阳光下四环素类化合物在水溶液中的光降解。结果表明,四环素类化合物(TCs)在模拟太阳光照射下均能发生直接光降解,且其降解速率随pH不同变化很大。四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)、金霉素(CTC)和多西环素(DTC)的光降解速率随溶液pH升高明显加快,而米诺环素(MTC)在水中的光降解速率随溶液pH升高略有下降。天然水体pH范围内,模拟太阳光照下四环素类化合物表观光降解速率常数在0.004～0.026 min-1范围内,降解半衰期在26～136 min范围内。在室外实际太阳光照下,四环素类化合物光降解反应速率与太阳光强成正比例关系。晴朗无云天气下,四环素类化合物降解半衰期在春冬季节较长、夏季节较短;四环素在东江实际水体中表观光降解速率很快,在冬季晴天天气下,其平均半衰期仅为8.2 min。     

In Flanders Fields: De/politicization and Democratic Debate on a GM Potato Field Trial Controversy in News Media

In May 2011, a highly mediatized direct action in the form of a “field liberation” took place in Flanders, Belgium, against a field trial of genetically modified potatoes. This direct action and its aftermath revealed the conflictual and antagonistic nature of the genetically modified organisms debate in Flanders. Consequently, it serves as a particularly suitable case to investigate the post-political thesis with regard to environmental discourse and politics. The aim of this paper is to investigate in what ways news media in their reporting contribute to processes of depoliticization and, resultantly, impede a democratic debate on the issues at stake. This paper attempts to provide an answer to this question based on a critical discourse analysis of the reporting by Flanders’ two generalist, elite newspapers, De Standaard and De Morgen and the alternative online news site DeWereldMorgen. The findings reveal the existence of three ideological cultures, which are characterized by different degrees of de/politicization. We conclude by discussing how this study adds to our understanding of the relation between the depoliticization of environmental discourse, democratic debate and twenty-first-century news media.     

私人直接投资环境服务业的路径研究

环境服务业中有很多内容都具有不同程度的公共物品性、自然垄断性或社会公益性,这些特殊属性对私人直接投资者造成了收费困难、进入壁垒和高政策风险等阻碍。论文研究通过排他性的制度设计、创造有效竞争模式、推行多样化的公私伙伴关系来分别解决上述困难。论文的研究成果为私人直接投资环境服务业创建了一个现实可行的路径体系。     

雷雨季节钻探施工的安全管理

本文论述了野外施工钻机在雷雨季节可能遭遇雷击现象,就如何采取防直击雷措施进行了分析与研究,即主要对钻机的接闪器、引下线、接地极及接地电阻进行了深入探讨,对野外钻探工程施工安全具有重要意义。     

直接红染料的臭氧脱色与中间产物研究

以直接红B模拟染料废水为研究对象,考察了臭氧化过程中染料溶液的吸光度和TOC的变化,同时利用离子色谱仪和GC/MS对染料的降解过程进行了分析,最后用发光细菌法检测了染料溶液急性毒性的变化。结果表明,臭氧对染料的降解符合一级反应动力学,20 min时对染料的脱色率达到99.2%;反应40 min后TOC减少32.55%,染料分子有97.8%的S被氧化为SO^2-₄,偶氮键被臭氧化为N₂,分子中的仲胺基小部分转化成游离NH⁺₄和NO^-₃;在臭氧化过程前期新生成的醛类和酰胺类物质使溶液急性毒性迅速上升,25 min后溶液毒性开始逐渐下降。