Identification of a case of maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 10 associated with confined placental mosaicism

We report a case of maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 10 discovered after chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Direct preparations revealed mosaic trisomy 10, while cultured CVS cells, as well as amniotic fluid cells, showed only a normal 46,XY complement. DNA analysis using microsatellite markers showed both chromosomes 10 to have been inherited from the mother. The pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. A phenotypically normal male infant of appropriate size was delivered by Caesarean section at 41 weeks' gestation. Since only the direct preparations showed trisomy 10, this case illustrates the importance of CVS direct preparations in the detection of pregnancies at risk of uniparental disomy (UPD). Although the increased frequency of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) diagnosed when direct preparations are performed has been viewed negatively, identification of both CPM and UPD may have biological and clinical significance for a pregnancy. Even though only a single case of maternal disomy 10 is reported here, the apparently normal phenotype provides evidence that there are no major imprinted loci on chromosome 10 that affect in utero growth and development. However, other potential effects such as mental retardation will require long-term follow-up of this as well as additional cases.     

GM（1,1）的直接建模法及其应用

在指出ＧＭ（１，１）常规累加方法两项缺陷的基础上，提出了ＧＭ（１，１）的直接建模方法，并介绍了其模型参数的一元线性回归辨识方法。实例表明，直接建模方法要明显优越于累加建模方法，是研究、分析环境系统的一种新的实用方法。     

一种新型直流旋风分离器

针对普通旋风分离器结构上存在有内旋流和混流区会卷走尘粒而降低分离效率的问题 ,总结了原直流旋风分离器生产设计经验 ,开发设计出了一种新型直流旋风分离器 ,没有普通旋风分离器存在的两个问题 ,而且能克服普通旋风分离器流动路线长的缺陷 ,在同一工作条件下 ,分离粒径比原直流旋风分离器减小了 6～ 8μm。在此介绍了分离机理 ,提出了一套设计计算方法 ,给出了计算实例 ,总结出新型直流旋风分离器的特点及适用场合     

纤维直接过滤去除原水藻类

以丙纶丝为滤料 ,以自制转鼓装置对高藻原水进行直接过滤除藻试验。结果表明 ,对Chl a及藻总数的去除率分别为 64 %— 95 % (平均 91% )和 82 %— 96% (平均 92 % ) ,对主要藻种的平均去除率均在 85 %以上 ,除藻效果明显。原水中藻类特征、试验运行工况条件直接影响对藻类的去除效果。筛分截留与吸附 -絮凝是试验装置过滤除藻的主要机理     

纯氧曝气活性污泥培养过程中絮体结构变化

采用纯氧曝气序批式反应器(SBR)直接培养、驯化培养活性污泥,运用显微技术分析絮体当量直径(Deq)、规则度(Rd)、孔隙率(Po)和单位悬浮固体内总细丝长度(Ftl)在培养不同时期的变化规律,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析絮体结构参数的相关性.结果表明:污泥直接培养过程中絮体Deq不断增大,驯化培养初期絮体Deq减小,中后期不断增大,驯化培养污泥絮体颗粒较大;污泥直接培养过程中絮体Rd不断减小,驯化污泥絮体Rd变化不大,在0.400~0.520内波动,两种方式培养的絮体规则度值相当;直接培养初期、中期絮体Po随絮体粒径增大而增大,驯化污泥絮体Po初期、后期呈减小趋势,中期呈增大趋势,直接培养法的絮体Po较小;污泥直接培养中、后期出现大量丝状菌,但很快又减少,污泥驯化整个过程中系统内均无大量丝状菌出现.污泥直接培养初期絮体Deq与Po显著正相关,Rd与Deq、Po显著负相关;中期丝状菌作用较大,Ftl与Po、Rd都显著负相关.污泥驯化初期,絮体Deq与Rd、Po均显著正相关,驯化后期Rd起较大作用,与其他参数均显著相关.     

A simple method for partitioning total solar radiation into diffuse/direct components in the United States

Solar radiation is a major sustainable and clean energy resource, and use of solar radiation is expected to increase. The utilization efficiency of solar energy varies with the relative proportions of the direct and diffuse components that compose total solar radiation and with the slope and aspect of the irradiated surface. The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple method for estimating diffuse and direct solar radiation at sites with observation of only total solar radiation. An existing model for estimating diffuse radiation, i.e., a linear relationship between the diffuse fraction (the ratio of diffuse radiation to total solar radiation) and the clearness index (the ratio of total solar radiation to extraterrestrial radiation), is applied to 7 sites across the continental United States with observations of diffuse and total radiation. The linear model shows good monthly performance. The model parameters (slope and interception) show a strong seasonal pattern that exhibits small variation across the 7 sites; therefore, the average values of the two monthly parameters may be used for estimating diffuse radiation for other locations with observations of total radiation.     

Effect of air supply on the performance of an active direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) fed with neat methanol

Unlike the situation in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) fed with dilute liquid methanol solution, the required water in anode for a DMFC fed with neat methanol is entirely transported from cathode. In this study, the water concentration in anode catalyst layer of such a DMFC operating with fully active mode is theoretically analyzed, followed by the experimental investigations on the effects of air flow rate and operating temperature on cell performance. The results revealed that the air flow rate has a strong impact on cell performance, especially at larger current density. Overmuch air causes rapid decline of cell performance, which results from the dehydration of membrane and lack of water in the anode reaction sites. Raising temperature induces faster reaction kinetics, while undesired stronger water dissipation from the DMFC. In practice, the stable cell resistance can be used as a criterion to help the DMFC to achieve a high and sustainable performance by finely combining the air flow rate and operating temperature.     

提高平菇深层培养木质素降解酶活性和对直接湖蓝5B脱色率的探索性研究

以稻草为主要营养基质对平菇进行深层培养,研究了不同浓度(100、200、400、600、800 mg·L-1)直接湖蓝5B对平菇菌丝体产量的影响,以及平菇对不同浓度(100、150、200、250、300、400 mg·L-1)直接湖蓝5B的脱色率.此外,还研究了平菇分别与3种酵母菌(酿酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母和热带假丝酵母)混菌培养及用不同浓度(50、100、200、300、400 mg·L-1)直接湖蓝5B预适应培养的平菇菌种对木质素降解酶活性和直接湖蓝5B脱色率的影响.结果表明:100~400 mg·L-1的直接湖蓝5B均可显著提高了平菇菌丝体产量,而800 mg·L-1的染料对菌丝体的生长有显著抑制作用;染料浓度越高,平菇对其的脱色率越低,发酵时间越长,脱色效果越好.与平菇单菌发酵相比,平菇分别与酿酒酵母和产朊假丝酵母混菌培养可显著提高发酵体系漆酶的活性,平菇分别与所试3种酵母菌混菌培养时锰过氧化物酶活性均有显著增加,与产朊假丝酵母混菌培养时两种酶活性的增加量最大;用50、100、200 mg·L-1直接湖蓝5B预适应培养的菌种接种可显著提高平菇分泌的漆酶的活性,而50mg·L-1和100 mg·L-1的则显著提高锰过氧化物酶的活性.平菇分别与所试3种酵母混菌培养,以及用50 mg·L-1和100 mg·L-1直接湖蓝5B预培养的平菇菌种接种,发酵体系对直接湖蓝5B的脱色效果有显著促进作用,其中,平菇与产朊假丝酵母混菌培养时脱色率最高,达96.3%.通过比较直接湖蓝5B脱色率与漆酶、锰过氧化物酶活性之间的关系可以看出,漆酶、锰过氧化物酶活性与脱色率间基本呈正相关关系.     

上海经济的直接物质投入和市内物质消耗

本文尝试对上海经济的直接物质投入和市内物质消耗进行初步的核算和分析,目的是促进上海"十一五"期间的循环经济发展和管理.采取的核算方法主要依据是欧盟统计局的<物质流账户及指标--方法导则>,而针对地区物质流核算的难点和上海的实际,也采用了一些估算方法.对核算的结果进行分析后表明,上海的物质自给率非常低,而直接物质投入1990-2005年总体上量现不断增长的态势,2005年达到45 564.95万t;人均直接物质投入已经相当高,2005年为33.50 t/人(以户籍人口计),1996年后已经高于1992-1996年发达国家中的较高水平;物质投入的生态效率比较低,每吨直接物质投入产出2005年为2 009.04元/t,2001年约为汉堡大都市区的1/5.