变色栓菌对直接大红染料的脱色研究

从野外倒木上分离得到一株对直接染料具有高效脱色能力的白腐真菌CB1,采用形态学与分子生物学鉴定法对菌株CB1进行鉴定.结果表明,菌株CB1为变色栓菌(Trametes versicolor);在固体培养基上,利用T.versicolor CB1对5种直接染料进行脱色,结果显示,T.versicolor CB1对5种直接染料均可脱色,其中对直接大红的脱色效果最为明显;采用单因素分析方法对T.versicolor CB1脱色直接大红的培养条件进行优化,结果显示,以果糖为碳源、硝酸铵为氮源、p H=5、添加Cu SO_4和Ca Cl_2利于T.versicolor CB1对直接大红的脱色;通过正交试验优化T.versicolor CB1对直接大红的脱色条件,优化结果为:果糖10 g·L~(-1)、硝酸铵2 g·L~(-1)、Cu SO_41 mmol·L~(-1)、Ca Cl_23 mmol·L~(-1)、p H=5.优化条件下第7 d时的脱色率为78.23%,与优化前相比,脱色率提高了24.04%.     

紫外光强化Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA活化过硫酸盐降解直接耐酸大红4BS

为探索硫酸根自由基对偶氮染料的降解能力,以直接耐酸大红4BS（下称大红4BS）为模拟污染物,通过UV/Fe（Ⅱ）-EDTA/PDS（PDS为过硫酸钠）体系,探讨了初始c（PDS）、Fe（Ⅱ）/EDTA（摩尔比）、无机盐阴离子等对大红4BS降解的影响.结果表明,大红4BS的脱色率随着初始c（PDS）的增加而增大,当c（PDS）超过15 mmol/L时无显著变化.Fe（Ⅱ）/EDTA比在5:1时效果最好,5 min时使0.038 0 mmol/L大红4BS的脱色率达到93.6%.反应符合二级动力学模型.HCO₃-、Cl-、NO₃-、SO₄2-等无机盐阴离子表现出明显抑制作用,c（无机盐阴离子）在100 mmol/L条件下,脱色率分别降低66.9%、13.2%、12.1%、9.43%.利用紫外可见光谱,依据其结构与特征吸收的关系,初步推测自由基离子对大红4BS降解的途径:苯环最先遭到破坏,随后偶氮键断裂、萘环开裂.研究显示,UV光可有效强化Fe（Ⅱ）-EDTA活化过硫酸盐形成SO₄-·自由基,对偶氮染料具有很好的脱色能力,最佳反应条件[PDS:Fe（Ⅱ）:EDTA（摩尔比）为15:5:1]下,大红4BS在10 min时脱色率高达98.1%.      

橇装式 LNG 汽车加气站防雷安全研究

橇装式LNG汽车加气站作为新型加气站的一种,其一旦发生雷击并引发火灾或爆炸将造成不可估量的损失,因此橇装式LNG汽车加气站的防雷安全十分重要。在结合橇装式LNG汽车加气站所处环境及其系统特点,雷电对其破坏机理和途径,分析了造成雷电灾害因子。通过计算分析,运用ADBSGP现代综合防雷技术从防直击雷、防闪电感应、防雷击电磁脉冲等方面入手,提出了安装外部防雷装置、采用防雷等电位连接技术作为防闪电感应措施,采取屏蔽和安装SPD作为防雷击空间电磁场和闪电电涌侵入措施。     

论环境治道变革

环境政策型态是指环境政策采取的存在方式。根据我国环境政策的绩效表现和我国市场化改革的前景 ,我国环境政策应从“政府直控型环境政策”转向“社会制衡型环境政策” ,谓之“环境政策转型” ,主要途径是扩大社会环境权益 ,同时适当简化政府环境管理过程。为了进一步激励社会力量的环境保护行动 ,建议设立“环境权益保护日” ,并建立“全国环境保护协会”。     

Methane dehydroaromatization over Mo-modified H-MFI for gas to liquid catalysts

For direct gas to liquid (GTL),a novel process producing energy sources for methane dehydroaromatization is needed.Supporting MoO3 on H-MFI zeolite shows the high catalytic capacity and a selective activity for dehydroaromatization of methane to benzene at 973 K in a fixed bed reactor.On the other hand,deactivation by coke on the active sites in all the catalysts is formed during the reaction.H2 co-feed suppressed the deactivation,which is probably due to the decrease in coking amount.Mo K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) results showed the formation of dispersed Mo2C species with low crystallinity after dehydroaromatization.Mo L-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) indicated the formation of active Mo species including Mo2C and Mo-oxycarbide (MoOxCy),where the red-ox state should be independent in the absence/presence of H2.It is concluded that Mo-oxycarbide species act as highly active species,and their stability affected the durable activity in the presence of H2.     

酚类污染物解离态与非解离态光解特性及其速率常数的预测

以氙灯为光源模拟太阳光,通过研究不同pH条件下3种酚类污染物直接光解的过程,探讨了酚类污染物的解离对其光解规律的影响,并建立了解离态与非解离态酚类污染物光解速率常数的计算方法及预测模式.结果表明,随着pH从4.0增加到9.0,五氯酚的光解速率常数随之从25.30×10-4min-1增加到82.90×10-4min-1,而对硝基酚的光解速率常数相应从11.90×10-4min-1降低到了3.18×10-4min-1.苯酚的光解趋势与对硝基酚相似,当pH从4.0增加到11.0时,其光解速率常数依次从32.50×10-4min-1降低至13.40×10-4min-1.3种酚类化合物的光解总速率常数与解离度之间均满足幂函数变化规律.任意解离度条件下的解离态和非解离态光解速率常数,可根据幂函数的切线方程来确定.解离对酚类物质降解规律的影响主要是通过氧负离子的形成,改变苯环以及其他取代基团的活性而造成的.该研究结果为进一步了解天然水环境中酚类污染物的环境行为提供了理论参考.     

填埋场直流电阻电路模型及分析

为研究垃圾填埋场的导电特性,建立了一种填埋场直流电阻电路模型,并对回路中的各部分电阻进行了分析.结果表明:随着供电电极直径和入土深度的增加,回路电阻减小,而随着供电电极与漏洞之间距离的增大,回路电阻缓慢增加;漏洞电阻由接触电阻和内阻组成,前者远大于后者,对一个半径为1cm的圆形漏洞来说,接触电阻可达1500Ω,而内阻只占到接触电阻的1/10;在供电电极周围浇水可明显降低回路电阻,在场内电极直径为20mm,入土深度为0.4m,电极与漏洞之间距离为20m时,浇水后的回路电阻可减小26.6%.     

基于直接进样-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法的水中2甲4氯残留测定

针对目前水体中MCPA检测灵敏度不够,缺乏一种无需前处理、可直接上机、简单便捷方法的问题,以超高液相色谱串联质谱仪,建立了一种以电喷雾离子源ESI-为电离模式、MRM为监测模式、可直接进样测定水体中MCPA残留的方法。结果表明,最优方法条件为定量离子对199.0/140.9(m/z),流动相乙腈和水梯度洗脱,色谱柱Acquity UPLC HSS T3。在MCPA质量浓度为0.1~100μg/L范围内线性良好(R2=99.99%),检出限为0.006μg/L,定量限为0.018μg/L,是现有直接进样法的23~83倍,完全满足水体中MCPA的检测要求(<0.1μg/L)。在添加水平为1~100μg/L时,回收率为94.30%~105.60%,相对标准偏差为1.05%~3.61%,具有前处理简单、准确性高、精密度好、灵敏度高等优点。     

A low pressure direct gas injection system for a four stroke LPG: Diesel dual fuel engine

Internal combustion engines running on gaseous fuels produce low torque because the inducted gaseous fuel displaces air and reduces the volumetric efficiency. This can be overcome by injecting the gaseous fuel directly into the cylinder after the intake of air is completed. This work is a step in developing and demonstrating a cost effective system, as such systems are not readily available for small applications. A low-pressure gas injector was mounted on the cylinder barrel of a fully instrumented dual fuel engine. Its location is such that the injector will be exposed to the cylinder gases about 65.5 degrees before bottom dead center, where the cylinder pressure and temperature will be relatively low. An electronic controller was also developed to time the injection process to occur after the intake valve closes and also to control the duration of injection (quantity). Experiments were conducted with LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas) as the primary fuel that was injected with this new system and diesel as the pilot fuel at the rated speed of 1500 rpm with different amounts of LPG at 80% and 100% load. Comparisons of performance, combustion and emissions with the conventional manifold injection of LPG were done. The system allowed greater amounts of LPG to be used without knock as compared to manifold injection. On the whole the developed system has potential for application in small dual fuel and spark ignited gas engines and can be taken up for further optimization.     

磁法应用于填埋场渗漏检测的可行性论证

针对填埋场防渗膜(高密度聚乙烯,缩写为HDPE)膜上介质含水率不同的特点,提出利用磁法检测填埋场渗漏(简称磁法测漏).通过修正高压直流电法渗漏检测模型,定性分析了填埋场防渗膜漏洞附近磁场的分布情况.结果表明:当检测区域背景磁感应强度波动小于0.5 nT时,利用磁法检测填埋场渗漏有效可行;但当检测区域背景磁感应强度波动大于0.5 nT时,磁法测漏须通过比较固定点处供电电源在通、断电情况下的磁感应强度差异来判断,这在大面积范围内的工程上较难实现,仅可用于局部防渗膜的漏洞检测;由于影响磁场分布的因素较多,提高磁法测漏的抗干扰能力仍需进一步研究.