基于ADAMS的机械式内割刀切割失效影响研究

割刀常因振动而折断刀片,造成切割设备失效,影响施工安全。为降低ND-J114型号机械式内割刀的事故率提高割刀使用寿命,采用多体动力学的方法,利用ADAMS软件对其切削套管的过程进行动态模拟,在不同钻压和转速情况下,对割刀切削力和角加速度的变化规律进行分析,从割刀振动的角度出发,通过降低割刀的振动来降低刀片折断的风险。分析结果表明:割刀在切削套管的过程中最优钻压为4 800 N,割刀运转平稳;切削力的大小跟钻压近似于成正比关系;割刀最优转速为29 r/min,割刀运转平稳;切割转速在10~30 r/min时,切割效果较好,切割设备越不易折断;转速对切削力大小的影响较小。     

水动力条件对湖泊水体磷素质量浓度的影响

以环形水槽为研究手段，利用其可控的流速及可模拟的无限长，解决了前人未解决的湖泊水体水动力难以真实模拟的难题，模拟研究了不同流速对湖泊(太湖)水体中磷素质量浓度的影响。研究表明，随着水体流速的变化，湖泊水体中TP质量浓度的变化呈现3个阶段，即下降期、上升期和突增期。从物理化学和泥沙起动理论两方面，结合水流对悬浮物和沉积物的作用，分析了各阶段产生的原因。文章认为下降期的产生是因为在低流速下，一部分磷被悬浮物的絮凝沉淀带走所引起；上升期的产生则是因为流速上升扰动沉积物，使其达到少量动状态所引起；突增期的产生则是因为流速导致了沉积物普遍动而产生的。在研究范围内，溶解性磷质量浓度与水体流速有着明显的正相关关系；而在低流速下，溶解性磷是TP的主要组成成分，其质量浓度的相对比例可高达87％。结合太湖的有关研究，文章认为这是水华现象产生的关键原因。     

Super-individuals a simple solution for modelling large populations on an individual basis

Modelling populations on an individual-by-individual basis has proven to be a fruitful approach. Many complex patterns that are observed on the population level have been shown to arise from simple interactions between individuals. However, a major problem with these models is that the typically large number of individuals needed requires impractically large computation times. The common solution, reduction of the number of individuals in the model, can lead to loss of variation, irregular dynamics, and large sensitivity to the value of random generator seeds. As a solution to these problems, we propose to add an extra variable feature to each model individual, namely the number of real individuals it actually represents. This approach allows zooming from a real individual-by-individual model to a cohort representation or ultimately an all-animals-are-equal view without changing the model formulation. Therefore, the super-individual concept offers easy possibilities to check whether the observed behaviour is an artifact of following a limited number of individuals or of lumping individuals, and also to verify whether individual variability is indeed an essential ingredient for the observed behaviour. In addition the approach offers arbitrarily large computational advantages. As an example the super-individual approach is applied to a generic model of the dynamics of a size-distributed consumer cohort as well as to an elaborate applied simulation model of the recruitment of striped bass.     

Individual-based modelling of fishermen search behaviour with neural networks and reinforcement learning

A model to mimic the search behaviour of fishermen is built with two neural networks to cope with two separate decision-making processes in fishing activities. One neural network deals with decisions to stay or move to new fishing grounds and the other is constructed for the purpose of finding prey within the fishing areas. Some similarities with the behaviour of real fishermen are found: concentrated local search once a prey has been located to increase the probability of remaining near a prey patch and the straightforward movement to other fishing grounds. The artificial fisherman prefers areas near the port when conditions in different fishing grounds are similar or when there is high uncertainty in its world. In the latter case a reluctance to navigate to other areas is observed. The artificial fisherman selects areas with higher concentration of prey, even if they are far from the port of departure, unless a high uncertainty is related to the fishing ground. Connected areas are preferred and followed in orderly fashion if a higher catch is expected. The observed behaviour of the artificial fisherman in uncertain scenarios can be described as a risk-averse attitude. The approach seems appropriate for an individual-based modelling of fishery systems, focusing on the learning and adaptive characteristics of fishermen and on interactions that take place at a fine scale.     

海莲红树林土壤CH4动态研究

对海南东寨港河港河口海莲红树林土壤CH4动态进行研究。CH4通量季节变化规律为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,所有季节所有滩面其平均值为1.21 mg/(m2d)。不同季节CH4产生量平均值的大小顺序也为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,所有季节所有滩面其平均值为8.28 mg/(m2d);土壤理化因子对河港海莲林土壤CH4产生率的重要性依次为全氮>NaCl>Na >Cl->SO42->含水量>总含盐量>有机质。暖季CH4氧化量高于冷季,平均值为7.06 mg/(m2d)。在所有季节所有滩面上,河港海莲林土壤CH4传输率的平均值为28.21%。     

Renewable Resources and Economic Sustainability: A Dynamic Analysis with Heterogeneous Time Preferences

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the study of economic sustainability and its relationship with natural resources. This paper attempts to shed some light on the issue by taking into account the individual variations in time preferences for consumption and resource amenity. We characterize the long-run steady state, analyze its asymptotic stability, and explore the transational dynamics from any initial state. The welfare implications of the optimal path are also discussed.     

活性炭纤维对氟硅唑的吸附性能

研究了25、30、35℃时氟硅唑在活性炭纤维上的吸附平衡、热力学及动力学特性。结果表明：Langmuir模型能较好地描述氟硅唑的吸附行为,吸附为自发的放热过程,且主要以化学吸附为主;用动力学模型对实验数据进行拟合,结果显示,活性炭纤维吸附氟硅唑更符合准二级动力学模型,随着温度的升高,吸附速率随之降低。     

矿工故意违章行为影响因素系统动力学仿真研究

为进一步探析矿工故意违章行为演化规律,在分析矿工故意违章行为影响因素基础上,基于系统动力学(SD)原理,构建矿工故意违章行为影响因素系统模型。运用Vensim软件仿真分析各因素对故意违章行为的动态影响,实现故意违章行为演化过程的动态模拟仿真。结果表明:工作倦怠和故意违章示范对矿工故意违章行为具有促进作用,安全领导和安全氛围对其具有抑制作用;各影响因素对矿工故意违章行为的作用在力度、起效时间和效用存续期方面均存在差异;在4个因素交互作用下,故意违章行为演化过程呈现出阶段性规律。     

微气泡臭氧化强化吸收-氧化处理高浓度乙酸乙酯气体

采用微气泡臭氧化处理模拟高浓度乙酸乙酯气体,考察了强化吸收与氧化去除体系的性能、反应动力学及氧化反应的过程。结果表明,微气泡臭氧化能明显提高易溶性乙酸乙酯气体吸收-氧化处理的效率,乙酸乙酯气体整体平均去除率高于96%,氧化矿化率可达到90.22%,高于普通气泡臭氧化过程的63.25%和47.15%。微气泡臭氧化可提高臭氧利用效率,累积臭氧利用率可达到85.5%,高于普通气泡中的58.6%;同时,还可强化·OH氧化反应,提高臭氧化反应效率,反应中臭氧消耗量与乙酸乙酯TOC去除量比值(R)仅为1.04 mg∙mg⁻¹,明显低于普通气泡臭氧化过程的1.53 mg∙mg⁻¹。微气泡臭氧化处理中,乙酸乙酯传质吸收和氧化矿化反应均符合表观零级动力学方程,氧化矿化速率与传质速率基本平衡。以上结果表明,微气泡臭氧化处理可实现长期稳定高效处理乙酸乙酯气体。     

基于CFD的卧式高固厌氧消化混合策略优化

高固厌氧消化(High solid anaerobic digestion,HSAD)在实际生产运行中,与传统厌氧消化相比,存在混合效果差、能量转换效率低等缺点。基于计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)研究了不同桨叶角度的搅拌桨对生产规模反应器混合效率的影响。并根据不同工况下的能量转换效率和能量消耗,确定了最佳工况。结果表明,随着桨叶角度从30°增加到60°,径向和轴向混合均有明显改善,但在高转速下的改善效果不明显。考虑到实际工程应用,建议采用低转速和大桨叶角度。因此,建议反应器采用桨叶角度为60°的搅拌桨,转速为1 r·min⁻¹(净能量产出为0.023 GJ·d⁻¹·m⁻³)。本研究结果可为实际工程中HSAD反应器的混合策略提供参考。