环境监管失职罪的正确认定

结合真实案例探讨了环境监管失职罪的两个难点问题,主张运用监督过失理论认定监督人的预见范围,运用偶然因果关系的理论分析监督人的失职行为与危害结果之间的因果关系。     

Enhancing employees' duty orientation and moral potency: Dual mechanisms linking ethical psychological climate to ethically focused proactive behaviors

Based on social cognitive theory (SCT), we develop and test a model that links ethical psychological climate to ethically focused proactive behavior (i.e., ethical voice and ethical taking charge) via two distinct mechanisms (i.e., duty orientation and moral potency). Results from multi-wave field studies conducted in the United States, Turkey, France, Vietnam, and India demonstrate that an ethical psychological climate indirectly influences employees' ethical voice and ethical taking charge behaviors through the dual mechanisms of duty orientation and moral potency. Additionally, we find that individuals' moral attentiveness strengthened these mediating processes. Together, these findings suggest that ethical psychological climate is an important antecedent of ethically focused proactive behavior by stimulating individuals' sense of duty and enhancing their moral potency, particularly when employees are already highly attuned to moral issues.     

我国轻型汽车污染物排放因子的测试研究

采用底盘测功机按ＥＣＥ－１５规程测试了我国１３辆（１２种）正在使用的轻型汽车的ＣＯ、ＨＣ和ＮＯｘ的排放量分别为８７．２５±５６．３１、１１．３６±５．１３和８．２０±６．６８ｇ／ｔｅｓｔ;在相同测试条件下,测试了其中１１种轻型车在不同车速匀速行驶时的ＣＯ、ＨＣ和ＮＯｘ排放因子．测试结果表明、轻型汽车污染物排放因子随车速的变化有良好的规律性．用统计方法拟合了轻型汽车污染物排放因子的车速变化系数的计算公式。当车速＜９０ｋｍ／ｈ时,轻型车ＣＯ、ＨＣ排放因子随车速的增加而减小,当车速＞９０ｋｍ／ｈ时,又略有增加,而ＮＯｘ排放因子随车速的增加而增大。     

Heavy duty vehicles: Impact on the environment and the path to green operation

The increase in the number of heavy duty vehicles (HDV) is inherently accompanied by increase in congestion, pollutant emissions and energy use as well as infrastructure overuse, all of which have broad societal implications. In addition to affecting the environment, contributing markedly to global warming, significant implications for the health of many residents living along traffic corridors as well as increases in the cost of infrastructure maintenance are logical consequences. In this interdisciplinary work a holistic approach is presented for the assessment of the combined effects of HDV employing pollutant emissions, noise and dynamic load of vehicles as criteria. Results show that vehicles that are environmentally friendly due to their pollutant emissions are not necessarily environmentally friendly when their noise emissions are considered. Each relevant parameter has to be assessed individually. Using a proposed model, the parameters are combined to obtain a holistic impression of the vehicles’ total environmental footprint. This information can be used by policy makers to introduce a bonus/malus system that would encourage vehicles with a total low environmental footprint using the “polluter/user pays” principle.     

The futility of rights‐based humanitarian aid to the Occupied Palestinian Territories

A rights‐based approach (RBA) to humanitarian aid is intrinsic to Norwegian policy and should inform Norwegian aid to the Occupied Palestinian Territories, one of the main receivers of Norwegian aid. However, this is the case only to a limited extent. While Norwegian humanitarian non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) take RBA seriously, and design their projects in accordance with its principles, they are unable to pursue a programme of long‐term structural change. This is because the main duty‐bearer, Israel, is indifferent or hostile to their work, while Norway's foreign policy is given higher priority than following through a rights‐based agenda. The result of this situation is a large, long‐standing aid effort that is unable to provide more than temporary relief in a steadily deteriorating situation. The Palestinian case suggests that RBA in humanitarianism may lead to frustration rather than human liberation when not backed up by political power.     

在役压力容器安全操作思路探讨

压力容器是一种广泛使用的特殊设备，一旦使用不当或容器缺陷未及时处理，就有可能发生爆炸和介质泄漏事故。这些事故不仅危害操作人员安全，而且危及周围环境，发生易燃易爆介质的二次爆炸。合理有效地控制运行参数，是预防压力容器事故的重要途径。     

城市固体废物管理源头政策调控系统动力学模型

把城市居民固体废弃物源头调控政策、居民的废弃物分类行为与固体废弃物处置管理系统看成动态演化的反馈系统.在固体废弃物从量收费政策和法规政策影响下,采用系统动力学模型分析居民参与废弃物管理的行为对整个废弃物管理系统的动态影响.用开发的昆明城市同体废弃物系统动力学模型对3种设定的政策情景进行了仿真.结果表明:要实现同体废弃物处置与管理的可持续发展,必须在源头上通过收费和法规等政策促使居民参加到废弃物管理系统中,注重提高资源化和无害化能力的同时,要加强源头减量和回收的力度,减少废弃物的非法处置.     

轻型汽油车排放颗粒物数浓度和粒径分布特征

我国机动车颗粒物排放研究多集中于重型柴油车,对于轻型汽油车的研究相对较少.本研究对3辆缸内直喷(GDI)汽车和1辆进气道喷射(PFI)汽车排放颗粒物的数浓度与粒径分布进行测试,并利用两台不同检测下限的颗粒物冷凝生长计数器(CPC)对轻型汽油车颗粒物实际排放水平进行了探究.结果表明,GDI汽车排放的颗粒物数浓度高于PFI汽车一个数量级,冷启动下颗粒物主要在测试循环前200 s大量产生,GDI汽车排放颗粒物数浓度与工况速度变化关系密切,而PFI汽车变化相对较小.GDI与PFI汽车排放的颗粒物粒径分布均具有核模态和积聚模态两个特征峰,核模态颗粒物峰值粒径约为20~27 nm,积聚模态约为80~95 nm.粒径检测下限为2.5 nm的UCPC测得的颗粒物数浓度比法规使用的粒径测量下限为23 nm的CPC测量结果分别高出35.0%(GDI)和50.4%(PFI).表明喷油技术是影响颗粒物数量排放水平的关键因素,法规测试会低估轻型汽油车实际颗粒物排放水平.     

系统科学视角下的城市污水可持续管理研究

立足于城市污水可持续管理思想,利用系统科学方法,理清、分析对城市污水可持续管理的影响因素。以南京市为例,给出了不同政策组合下的城市污水管理的动态结果,并对结果进行了讨论。结果表明,要实现城市污水管理的可持续发展,必须在源头上通过政策设计（如收费）促进污水排放者参加到城市污水管理系统中,注重提高资源化和无害化能力的同时,要加强源头减量的力度。     

跨国界污染案例对处理松花江污染事件的启示

跨国界污染事件的处理或赔偿涉及国家责任、赔偿范围和赔偿主体等问题。本文介绍了与环境保护相关的国际法和国际公约的法律，并对影响较大的几起跨境污染案例作了分析，就处理此次松花江事故污染事件以及跨国污染赔偿等提出相关建议。