重型柴油车污染物排放因子测量的影响因素

为了调查我国重型柴油车排放污染物的基本水平,确定CO、HC、NO_x和颗粒物等污染物的排放因子,利用满足国Ⅲ排放标准的重型柴油车,分别采用PEMS(portable emission measurement system,车载排放测试系统,由便携式SEMTECH-DS型气态污染物排放测量设备和DMM颗粒物排放测量设备组成)及满足法规排放测量要求的重型车整车底盘测功机方法,研究了不同负载(0%、50%、100%及120%)和2种测试工况对重型车排放因子测量的影响. 结果表明:过载(120%负载)下NO_x和颗粒物等排放因子均比零负载下高出近90%;在平均车速较低、怠速时间长的VECC工况下,气态污染物、颗粒物的排放因子比平均车速高、怠速时间短的C-WTVC工况高出30%左右;PEMS系统和重型车底盘测功机系统所测气态污染物排放因子的相关性较好,但DMM颗粒物排放测试设备与重型车整车底盘测功机所测的颗粒物排放因子相差可达50%左右.      

Are pilots at risk of accidents due to fatigue?

PROBLEM: There is concern in the aviation community that pilot schedules can lead to fatigue and increased chance of an aviation accident. Yet despite this concern, there is little empirical analysis showing the relationship between pilot schedules and commercial aviation accidents. This study attempts to demonstrate an empirical relationship between pilot schedules and aviation accidents. METHOD: Data for human factors-related accidents and pilot work patterns were identified. The distribution of pilot work schedule parameters for the accidents was compared to that for all pilots using a chi-square test to determine if the proportions of accidents and length of duty exposure were the same. If the distributions are the same, then one could infer that pilot human factor accidents are not affected by work schedule parameters. RESULTS: The proportion of accidents associated with pilots having longer duty periods is higher than the proportion of longer duty periods for all pilots. DISCUSSION: There is a discernible pattern of increased probability of an accident as duty time increases for commercial aircraft pilots in the United States. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The analysis suggests that establishing limits on duty time for commercial pilots would reduce risk. Such a rule is likely to be expensive and could substantially impact the commercial airlines. In return, there is likely to be a reduction in the risk of commercial aviation accidents due to pilot fatigue.     

我国公路交通伤亡现状分析

本文对统计、上报、公布交通伤亡数据业务的不足作了简要分析,分别对城市交通伤亡、收费道路交通伤亡、乡村和山区非收费道路交通伤亡提出了相应的数学描述模型,并提出了收费路伤亡高发期和稳定期的观点和数学模型。提出了交通伤亡责任追究制的思想,行政管理的效果非常有限,应该根据不同情况进行技术型专业管理。     

普光气田应急指挥系统应急值守功能设计

应急值守作为应急指挥系统重要的组成部分,发挥着无可替代的作用。对普光气田应急指挥系统的应急值守功能进行了详细的介绍,包括日常值班、接警事件处理、预案关联及电话调度、自动录音、多方通话等。     

建立和谐的企业与环境关系需要研究的问题及对策

从构建社会主义和谐社会的子细胞-企业入手,首先分析了企业发展对环境影响的现状。之后探讨了企业履行环境责任行为对构建和谐社会的影响,说明企业环境责任行为关乎环境安全和公民健康;关乎参与国际竞争;关乎企业的良性发展;关乎社会关系和谐。最后探讨了建立和谐的企业与环境关系的途径：企业应履行社会责任,处理好与社会之间的关系;树立正确绩效观,处理好保护环境与提高经济效益的关系;履行环保法律义务,自觉地保护环境;主动地实施清洁生产,实现和谐发展。