机载产品日历寿命定寿方法研究进展及展望

联系我国飞机飞行现状,分析了机载产品日历寿命控制的必要性.根据文献记载,简要介绍了航空机载产品日历寿命定寿方法的发展历程,分析了目前机载产品日历寿命定寿方法研究的现状,归纳了3类主要的机载产品日历寿命传统定寿方法,并讨论了各类方法的优点与不足.针对传统定寿方法存在的问题,整理了近年来发展的机载产品日历寿命定寿方法的代表性成果,介绍了3种近年来才发展的机载产品日历寿命定延寿方法的具体过程.客观地综述了我国机载产品日历寿命研究存在的短板与弱项,以及日历寿命研究亟需发展的方向.为使机载产品日历寿命定寿方法研究跟上时代发展的步伐,更经济高效地服务在役飞机寿命控制,对未来机载产品日历寿命研究提出了展望.     

膜分离技术在油气回收中的应用

在油品储运、销售、应用过程中，存在着大量的油品蒸发损耗。可用膜分离技术来分离回收轻质油品蒸发排放出来的油气。介绍膜法油气回收的分离机理、应用实例和工艺设计数据，综合比较常用的吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法及膜法油气回收技术并获得各自的量化分值，认为膜法回收技术为目前较有可能及较容易取得突破成果的研究领域。最后指出今后的研究重点。     

浅议环境标志产品

介绍了推行环境标志产品的意义,环境标志品的特点,提出了今后的努力方向。     

灭幼脲(Ⅲ)在模拟大气条件下光解行为的研究

研究了灭幼脲(Ⅲ)在模拟大气条件下的光解行为,测定了在不同气氛环境中灭幼脲(Ⅲ)的反应速率.结果表明,灭幼脲(Ⅲ)在氮气及空气中的光解为一级反应,其反应速率常数分别为:0.00703h~(-1)和0.0109h~(-1);在氧气中近似二级反应,其速率常数为0.00445h~(-1)(mg/g)~(-1).其主要光解产物为:对氯苯胺,对氯苯基异氰酸酯,邻氯苯甲酰胺,对氯苯基脲和N—(邻氯苯甲酰基)对氯苯胺.根据产物组成,建议了可能的反应历程.     

Optimizing carbon sequestration in commercial forests by integrating carbon management objectives in wood supply modeling

This paper provides a methodology for generating forest management plans, which explicitly maximize carbon (C) sequestration at the forest-landscape level. This paper takes advantage of concepts first presented in a paper by Meng et al. (2003; Mitigation Adaptation Strategies Global Change 8:371–403) by integrating C-sequestration objective functions in existing wood supply models. Carbon-stock calculations performed in Woodstock^TM (RemSoft Inc.) are based on C yields generated from volume table data obtained from local Forest Development Survey plots and a series of wood volume-to-C content conversion factors specified in von Mirbach (2000). The approach is used to investigate the impact of three demonstration forest-management scenarios on the C budget in a 110,000 ha forest in south-central New Brunswick, Canada. Explicit demonstration scenarios addressed include (1) maximizing timber extraction either by clearcut or selection harvesting for greatest revenue generation, (2) maximizing total C storage in the forest landscape and in wood products generated from harvesting, and (3) maximizing C storage together with revenue generation. The level of clearcut harvesting was greatest for scenario 1 (≥15 × 10⁴ m³ of wood and ≥943 ha of land per harvesting period), and least for scenario 2 (=0 m³ per harvesting period) where selection harvesting dominated. Because softwood saw logs were worth more than pulpwood ($60 m⁻³ vs. $40 m⁻³) and were strategic to the long-term storage of C, the production of softwood saw logs exceeded the production of pulpwood in all scenarios. Selection harvesting was generally the preferred harvesting method across scenarios. Only in scenario 1 did levels of clearcut harvesting occasionally exceed those of selection harvesting, mainly in the removal of old, dilapidated stands early in the simulation (i.e., during periods 1 through 3). Scenario 2 provided the greatest total C-storage increase over 80 years (i.e., 14 × 10⁶ Mg C, or roughly 264 Mg ha⁻¹) at a cost of $111 per Mg C due to lost revenues. Scenarios 3 and 1 produced reduced storage rates of roughly 9 × 10⁶ Mg C and 3 × 10⁶ Mg C, respectively; about 64% and 22% of the total, 80-year C storage calculated in scenario 2. The bulk of the C in scenario 2 was stored in the forest, amounting to about 76% of the total C sequestered.     

成品油管道站场安全仪表功能分析及改进措施

针对成品油管道输油站场安全仪表系统配置及逻辑设计的合理性进行了分析。选取输油管道站间远控阀室执行机构误动作这一常见事故,对安全仪表系统进行功能分析,优化安全仪表系统控制逻辑,对相关设备进行失效验证,找出可靠性低的设备,并对可靠性低的设备提出具体增加可靠性的措施,提高了安全仪表系统功能的有效性。     

国外凹凸棒石粘土的若干情况

本文主要介绍国外特别是美国凹凸棒石或坡缕缟石的名称由来、分布、基础理论和物化性能研究，开发应用，产品标准，公司及规模，与我国凹凸棒石粘土研究、开发应用的比较等。     

Biodegradation of acetanilide herbicides acetochlor and butachlor in soil

The biodegradation of two acetanilide herbicides, acetochlor and butachlor in soil after other environmental organic matters addition were measured during 35 days lal)oratory incubations. The herbicides were applied to soil alone, soiI-SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) mixtures and soil-HA (humic acid) mixtures. Herbicide biodegradation kinetics were compared in the different treatment. Biodegradation products of herbicides in soil alone samples were identified by GC/MS at the end of incubation. Addition of SDBS and HA to soil decreased acetochlor biodegradation, but increased butachlor biodegradation. The biodegradation half-life of acetochlor and butachlor in soil alone, soilSDBS mixtures and soil-HA mixtures were 4.6d, 6, ld and 5.4d and 5.3d, 4.9d and 5.3d respectively. The biodegradation products were hydroxyacetochlor and 2-melhvl-6-ethvlaniline for acetochlor, and hvdroxvbutachlor and 2,6-diethvlaniline for butachlor.     

废橡胶热解制油品和化学品实验研究

在实验室进行废橡胶的固定床热解实验 ,研究热解条件主要是温度对热解产物及其组成的影响 ;选择最佳热解条件 ,以得到较高的产物收率和质量 ;研究表明 ,所得到的热解液体中 ,轻中馏分可作为汽、柴油馏分 ,重馏分可作为橡胶加工中的填充油 ;热解的固体残余物经处理后可得到橡胶工业中的半补强炭黑 ,初步估算 ,废橡胶热解工艺有较高经济效益。     

SBR法处理豆制品废水的试验研究

采用ＳＢＲ法对豆制品制品废水处理进行了试验研究，就Ｃ／Ｎ对硝化－反硝化的影响及提高脱氮效果的途径作了讨论。试验结果表明，采用ＳＢＲ法的最佳运行模式处理，当豆制品废水的ＣＯＤｃｒ，ＮＴ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ分别为２０００ｍｇ／１，４７０ｍｇ／１和４６５ｍｇ／１时，经处理后，其去除率可分别达到９６％、８５％和９８％，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ≤９０ｍｇ／１，ＴＮ≤７５ｍｇ／１，ＮＨ３－Ｎ≤９ｍｇ／１，脱氮效果显著。