The Impact of NTFP Sales on Rural Households’ Cash Income in India’s Dry Deciduous Forest

In recent years, researchers and policy makers have recognized that nontimber forest products (NTFPs) extracted from forests by rural people can make a significant contribution to their well-being and to the local economy. This study presents and discusses data that describe the contribution of NTFPs to cash income in the dry deciduous forests of Orissa and Jharkhand, India. In its focus on cash income, this study sheds light on how the sale of NTFPs and products that use NTFPs as inputs contribute to the rural economy. From analysis of a unique data set that was collected over the course of a year, the study finds that the contribution of NTFPs to cash income varies across ecological settings, seasons, income level, and caste. Such variation should inform where and when to apply NTFP forest access and management policies.     

浅析存款业务创新

从技术角度来探讨银行的存款业务创新，提出商业银行应该考虑经济发展情况、金融文化背景等因素，以满足客户的需求为目的来设计、组织存款要素，并在市场细分的基础上，提供差别化存款产品，按市场规律进行定价。     

SBR法处理高盐度海产品加工废水

采用SBR工艺对高盐度海产品加工废水进行了试验研究,结果表明,海产品加工废水中氯离子浓度不超过10000mg/L的情况下,采用具有一定耐盐度冲击负荷能力的SBR工艺是可行的;当进水中COD_(Cr)浓度为700～1000mg/L、NH4+-N浓度为80～120mg/L、[Cl-]≤8000mg/L的情况下,出水COD_(Cr)、NH3-N去除率分别为77.9%～81.2%、69.5%～76.6%,当进水中氯离子浓度继续增加,系统受盐度的影响加剧,处理效果变差。     

军用电子产品环境试验顺序问题浅议

本文从一个具体的试验案例缘起,有针对性的分析、讨论了某军用电子产品质量问题的出现、与实际解决办法,更重要的是本文不仅是为了解决某一产品问题,而是从质量问题的出现,进而思考到环境试验顺序对产品潜在故障的影响,起码从宏观上说明了环境试验顺序对电子产品潜在故障的析出是有影响的.     

Effect of components in activated sludge liquor on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor

Introduction The membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have shown many advantages over conventional activated sludge processes, which apply membrane modules instead of the secondary settle tank to make a better separation of the solids and liquid and have been grea…     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

智能合约嵌入碳汇产品交易：法律挑战与应对路径

在全面推进乡村振兴背景下,探索碳汇产品价值实现是对习近平生态文明思想的践行,也是实现生态保护补偿和绿色发展的重要市场化手段。进入数字时代,基于区块链技术的智能合约,因技术优势带来的发展优势,其与各行业不断融合,并形成新的发展思路和发展业态。探索将智能合约技术嵌入碳汇产品交易,可以降低碳汇产品交易成本,提高碳汇产品交易效率。然而,新兴技术的应用是一把双刃剑,智能合约能够为碳汇产品价值实现带来诸多优势,但同时也将引发实体法、程序法以及新业态监管方面的挑战。因此,为实现智能合约在碳汇产品价值实现领域的全面可持续应用,应当从实体法、程序法以及新业态监管机制等方面,探索法律应对路径的理性回归。     

High-sensitivity direct analysis of aflatoxins in peanuts and cereal matrices by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection involving a large volume flow cell

This paper reports a sensitive and cost effective method of analysis for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. The sample preparation method was primarily optimised in peanuts, followed by its validation in a range of peanut-processed products and cereal (rice, corn, millets) matrices. Peanut slurry [12.5 g peanut + 12.5 mL water] was extracted with methanol: water (8:2, 100 mL), cleaned through an immunoaffinity column and thereafter measured directly by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (UPLC-FLD) detection, within a chromatographic runtime of 5 minutes. The use of a large volume flow cell in the FLD nullified the requirement of any post-column derivatisation and provided the lowest ever reported limits of quantification of 0.025 for B1 and G1 and 0.01 μg/kg for B2 and G2. The single laboratory validation of the method provided acceptable selectivity, linearity, recovery and precision for reliable quantifications in all the test matrices as well as demonstrated compliance with the EC 401/2006 guidelines for analytical quality control of aflatoxins in foodstuffs.     

Emission rates of chlorinated volatile organics from new and used consumer products found during vapor intrusion investigations: Impact on indoor air concentrations

Consumer products can emit chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) that complicate vapor intrusion (VI) assessments. Assessment protocols acknowledge the need to remove these products during VI investigations, but they can be problematic to identify and locate. Predicting if the products cause detectable air concentrations is also difficult since emission rate information is limited and can vary with product use and age. In this study, the emission rates of 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, and carbon tetrachloride from four consumer products identified as indoor sources during VI field investigations were measured under laboratory conditions using a flow through system. Emissions of PCE from an adhesive container tube ranged from 1.33 ± 1.13 μg/min (unopened) to 23.9 ± 2.93 μg/min (previously opened). The laboratory-measured emission rates were used to estimate indoor air concentrations, which were then compared to concentrations measured after the products placed were into an actual residence. The estimated and measured indoor air concentrations were generally comparable, showing that emission rate information can be used to determine the relative impact of internal CVOC sources.     

Tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater using isolated algal strains: treatment efficiency and value-added products recovery

ABSTRACT

Two microalgal strains (Chlorella sorokiniana, A&B,) grown optimally at pH 9 (A) and 7 (B) were isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. These strains were used to check their efficacy for nutrients and organic carbon removal capacities from the tertiary wastewater. The strains were characterised using 18S rDNA sequencing method and both the strains closely related to Chlorella sorokiniana. Different inoculum doses (IDs) of both the strains were tried to check their efficacy on wastewater treatment. Due to the increase in the IDs, hydraulic retention time decreased from 6 d to 1?d. On an average, 12–100% of total kjeldahl nitrogen, 53–96% NO₃–N, and 59–92% PO₄–P, were removed. Despite the same growth environment, strain A with the highest ID (700?mg/L) showed the best performance in terms of overall organic carbon removal, nutrient removal, and value-added products recovery. Strain A showed an increase in carbohydrate and protein content by 42% and 13%, respectively. Both the strains showed luxury phosphorus uptake and found suitable for advanced wastewater treatment.