Remediation of soil heavily polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls using a low-temperature plasma technique

Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were removed by low-temperature plasma technique （dielectric barrier discharge） from heavily polluted soil and their intermediate products were analyzed. The removal rate ranged from 40.1 to 84.6% by different treatments, and they were also influenced significantly （P 〈 0.01） by soil particle-size, electric power, gas flow rate and reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions of PCB removal from the soil were obtained experimentally when soil particle-size, electrical power, flow rate and reaction time were 5-10mm, 21w, 120mL. rain and 90rain, respectively. However, decreasing electrical power, flow rate and reaction time to 18 w, 60 mL. min- and 60 min respectively were also acceptable in view of the cost of remediation. This technique was characterized by the additional advantage of thorough oxidation of PCBs in the soil, with no formation of intermediate products after reaction. The technique therefore shows some promise for application in the remediation of soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants in brown field sites in urban areas.     

从玉米淀粉生产浸泡水中提取蛋白质及脂多糖的研究

提出了一种提取分离玉米浸泡水中蛋白质及脂多糖的方法.首先将大部分蛋白质分离出来,然后利用脂多糖易被活性炭吸附的特点,用活性炭将脂多糖从经过浓缩和去除了蛋白质的浸泡水中吸附分离出来.再使脂多糖从活性炭上脱附,同时考虑脂多糖的提纯.本文将脂多糖脱附与提纯两步合并为一步,通过活性炭色谱分离实现.得到脂多糖初步产品后,为了提高其经济价值,采用色谱分离对脂多糖进行提纯,最终使产品纯度达到97.4%.     

脱贫攻坚视角下森林生态产品供给有效路径选择——基于黑龙江省的实证分析

以黑龙江省为例,在脱贫攻坚视角下,选取林业产业总产值、造林面积、林业固定资产投资完成额、林业系统年末从业人数、林业产业结构比例5个有关森林生态产品供给效率的测算指标,通过DEA模型对黑龙江省2001—2017年森林生态产品供给效率进行测算,并运用Tobit模型对该效率的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)黑龙江省森林生态产品供给效率的综合效率总体良好。(2)森林生态产品供给效率的综合效率与规模效率密切相关。(3)林业旅游与休闲服务收入比重和林业生态建设实际到位金额与供给效率显著正相关,而火灾次数与供给效率显著负相关。     

生态产品概念再定义及其内涵辨析

准确界定生态产品概念定义及其内涵是深入开展其理论研究和实践创新的前提和基础.该研究深入剖析了生态产品现有概念定义存在的问题,从我国提出生态产品价值实现理念的战略意图入手,在指明生产者的基础上,将生态产品定义为生态系统生物生产和人类社会生产共同作用提供给人类社会使用和消费的终端产品或服务,包括保障人居环境、维系生态安全、提供物质原料和精神文化服务等人类福祉或惠益,是与农产品和工业产品并列的、满足人类美好生活需求的生活必需品,分为公共性生态产品、准公共生态产品和经营性生态产品三类.阐明了生态产品与生态系统服务、经济产品、非生态自然资源之间的边界关系,明确了生态产品不仅反映了自然生态与人类之间的供给消费关系,还反映了人与人之间的供给消费关系.建议组织自然科学和社会科学领域的科研人员开展中长期联合攻关,解决生态产品价值实现过程中面临的科学技术难题,通过理论突破和技术创新抢占国际生态经济学研究的学术制高点.      

大气腐蚀对产品影响的研究

大气腐蚀是最普遍的一种腐蚀形式，在不同环境它所造成的危害都是不可忽视的，本文概括了大气腐蚀的几种类型，分析了其腐蚀过程及机理，并从影响大气腐蚀的因素总结了大气腐蚀的几种防护控制方法。     

Agricultural practices,ecology, and ethics in the third world

The increasing demand for horticultural products for nutritional and economic purposes by lesser developed countries (LDC's) is well-documented. Technological demands of the LDC's producing horticultural products is also increasing. Pesticide use is an integral component of most agricultural production, yet chemicals are often supplied without supplemental information vital for their safe and efficient implementation. Illiteracy rates in developing countries are high, making pesticide education even more challenging. For women, who perform a significant share of agricultural tasks, illiteracy rates are even higher than for men. The dilemma exists of how a developing country can improve its nutritional and economic situation without giving consideration to social and environmental consequences.     

Commercial Medicinal Plant Extraction in the Hills of Nepal: Local Management System and Ecological Sustainability

This paper presents a case study from Jumla District, Nepal, investigating local management systems and ecological sustainability of commercial collection of a medicinal plant, spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora DC, Valerianaceae), growing in alpine meadows. Interviews were undertaken with local collectors, traders, and district forest office staff, and the dynamics of people–plant interactions are analyzed using the Oakerson model. In all, 110 sample plots 1m square were laid out in three areas with differing collection and grazing pressures for recording of floristic composition and abundance of spikenard root biomass. Comparisons show significantly more root biomass in uncollected than collected areas with local management and the interpretation of differences in abundance is discussed. The combination of qualitative and quantitative investigations can provide a framework for the study of people–plant interactions, and this study can serve as first step in a compilation of cases to create a more detailed picture of local management systems of Nepali nontimber forest products in general and commercially collected medicinal and aromatic plants in particular.     

打造中国第一生态桃园--成都市龙泉驿区生态农业旅游开发构想

根据龙泉驿区生态农业旅游开发的有利条件,提出了打造"中国第一生态桃园"的构思--生态旅游开发思路、主题定位、旅游产品设计等.最后,提出该区生态农业旅游的开发对策与措施.     

灾害间接经济损失的计量

本文研究了三种灾害间接经济损失的计量，即间接停减产损失、中间投入积压增加损失和投资溢价损失。利用了城市投入──产出表所表达的产业关联关系估计了由于生产的联锁性造成灾害的进一步损失。并用上海市的实际数据对地震的间接经济损失作了预测计量。     

环巢湖水资源特色旅游开发研究

随着区域经济的发展，环巢湖区域旅游日渐兴起。从发展区域经济、开发优势资源和形成旅游吸引力3个方面分析，环巢湖水体旅游资源特色开发具有必然性。根据生态化、序位性、个性化、市场化的原则，可考虑开发5种特色旅游产品：湖光山色文化游、温泉保健度假游、两岸观光休闲游、农家亲水生态游、水战遗迹科考与红色游。