臭氧氧化降解苊的中间产物分析

苊属于EPA优先污染物名单上的物质,其在染料、化工等行业有着广泛的应用.它具有水溶性低、易蓄积、难生物降解的特点.臭氧氧化法可以对其有效的降解,但是过量的臭氧也难以实现对苊的矿化,在苊浓度下降的同时将生成中间产物.中间产物包括多种含一个苯环的酯和直链的酸、醇、酯等.     

双降解地膜生物降解及降解产物的研究

本文主要介绍了双降解地膜生物降解性。包括生物接种，田间复膜土壤菌群分析等各种生物检测方法。并对复膜土壤中降解产物的化学检测方法也简要做了介绍。     

从LCA角度评价塑料用品与木制用品对环境的影响

通过对一次性塑料与纸制用品（木制品）的评价研究的基础上，对木制品与塑料制品从生命周期评价（LCA）的角度上对问题作进一步的探讨和研究，得出结论为塑料制品为环保型产品。     

The influence of high initial concentration aqueous-phase TCE on the performance of iron wall systems

Flow-through column tests were conducted to investigate the performance of iron wall remediation systems for the degradation of aqueous-phase trichloroethylene (TCE). Concentration profiles under steady-state transport conditions were generated by measuring TCE concentrations at sample ports located at various locations along the length of the column. The results indicated that a pseudo-first-order model is adequate at describing degradation kinetics for low initial TCE concentrations, but not for higher initial concentrations. The deviation from pseudo-first-order kinetics can be explained by interspecies competition for reactive sites between TCE and a dominant reaction product. A modification of the pseudo-first-order model that accounts for product interference predicts laboratory data for high initial concentration profiles, but deviates slightly as initial concentrations approach the solubility of TCE. The data clearly demonstrate the importance of accurately describing reaction kinetics for the purpose of designing iron wall treatment systems.     

Purification and molecular weight distribution of a key exopolysaccharide component of Bacillus megaterium TF10

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are organic metabolic compounds excreted by microorganisms. They largely impact microbial aggregate structures and functions. Extracellular polysaccharides (EP) in EPS are responsible for the formation of microbial aggregates. In this work, we successfully separated and characterized EP from EPS of the bacterium Bacillus megaterium TF10. Extraction of EP from EPS was optimized using Sevag''s reagent. Chemical characteristics, functional groups, and molecular weight (MW) distribu-tion of EP were compared with the harvested EPS and soluble microbial products (SMP). We found that the polymers of lower MW and free proteins were successfully removed by Sevag''s reagent. The higher MW components of EPS were predominantly polysaccharides, while the polymers of lower MW tended to secrete to the supernatant and were described as SMP. A part of the proteins in the EP was polysaccharide-bonded. Our results can be further used in elucidating the complex flocculation mechanisms in which EP play a major role.     

电子信息产品的生命周期评价

电子信息产品的大量生产与使用造成严重的环境污染,影响着人类健康和生态安全。利用生命周期评价技术对电子信息产品的原材料获取、生产、销售运输和使用阶段进行环境影响分析,并得出电子产品在使用阶段的环境影响最为重要。生产商不但要关注生产过程中的环境影响,更应该注重生产低能耗产品。     

絮凝沉降处理乳业废水的研究

用硫酸铝PAM混合絮凝剂净化乳制品行业废水,寻找一种最佳的处理方案。通过多组实验显示：硫酸铝投入量280mg／L,pH值为6—7,水温20℃,搅拌速度为40～70r／min时,经处理的废水外观清晰、透明度高,COD去除率均在80％左右,对保障乳品行业的可持续发展起到科学的借鉴作用。     

生物菌剂对石油污染土壤生物修复作用的研究

在实验室条件下,研究了生物菌剂的投加量、投加方式及环境温度对石油污染土壤的修复作用 结果表明,土壤中石油烃的降解效果与生物菌剂的投加量呈正相关,当生物菌剂投加量为0.6mg·kg^-1时,修复,48 d 后,石油烃的降解率为87%.GC-MS分析结果表明,石油污染原土中烷烃的含量最高为82.1%其次为烯烃,含量为16%,还含有少量的胡萝卜烷、烷基萘、甾烷和藿烷% 添加生物菌剂修复40 d 后,峰的数量由32个减少为14个,表明异构烷烃、烯烃、胡萝卜烷全部被降解,残留的物质为较难降解的正构烷烃、藿烷和甾烷,呈现前高后低的峰形,即接种细菌优先降解高碳组分,将长链的烷烃降解为短链的烷烃,随着生物菌剂投加量的增加,土壤中残留石油烃的含量逐渐降低% 一次加入生物菌剂修复,48 d后的峰高明显低于分2 次加入的相应值,故一次性全部加入生物菌剂是最佳的投加方式% 温度是限制石油污染土壤生物修复的重要环境因素,当温度为30℃第,48 d 的降解率可达80%,当温度为20℃,第,48 d的降解率可达60%,温度高有利于土壤中石油烃的降解,加快修复     

基于离散仿真分析的废弃电器电子产品回收网络优化

优化电子废弃物回收网络对控制回收成本、降低环境污染具有重要意义.因此,本文建立了一种综合考虑运输、存储及淡旺季的回收过程离散仿真模型,提出了一种以经济、能源及环境为指标的回收网络评价方法.同时,以安徽省为例,结合现有回收模式,分别设计了4种回收网络布局及运输方案,在不同的回收覆盖率及库存能力条件下以回收成本、燃油消耗及CO2排放为优化目标对比分析各备选方案,提出了在报废量大于0.15万t·a-1的地区建立回收点并采取全局运输模式的最优方案.研究表明,本文提出的方法同样适用于我国其他省市回收网络的优化.     

Enterobacter sp.CV-v对孔雀石绿的脱色特性及机理研究

采用单因素实验研究了各种操作因素对菌株Enterobacter sp.CV-v降解孔雀石绿的影响.结果表明,在供试碳源中,葡萄糖对脱色的促进效果最为显著,而供试氮源中,酵母粉对脱色的促进效果最优;同时,供试金属离子中,锰离子对脱色的促进效果最优.在p H=3.0~10.0、温度20~50℃之间时,菌株CV-v对孔雀石绿的12 h脱色率在90%以上.此外,该菌株可在6 h内完全脱色浓度低于500 mg·L-1的孔雀石绿.动力学实验结果表明,该菌株对孔雀石绿脱色的动力学数据与一级动力学模型拟合度最好(R2=0.9755).酶分析实验结果表明,锰过氧化物酶和孔雀石绿还原酶可能与菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿相关.此外,代谢产物分析实验结果表明,菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿的主要产物为二甲氨基二苯甲酮和4-羟基-N,N-二甲基苯铵.