全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14052篇 |
免费 | 1282篇 |
国内免费 | 1955篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 2488篇 |
废物处理 | 295篇 |
环保管理 | 2692篇 |
综合类 | 6759篇 |
基础理论 | 1608篇 |
环境理论 | 16篇 |
污染及防治 | 648篇 |
评价与监测 | 890篇 |
社会与环境 | 1175篇 |
灾害及防治 | 718篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 53篇 |
2023年 | 272篇 |
2022年 | 439篇 |
2021年 | 541篇 |
2020年 | 524篇 |
2019年 | 500篇 |
2018年 | 418篇 |
2017年 | 557篇 |
2016年 | 678篇 |
2015年 | 665篇 |
2014年 | 707篇 |
2013年 | 974篇 |
2012年 | 1066篇 |
2011年 | 1242篇 |
2010年 | 805篇 |
2009年 | 840篇 |
2008年 | 684篇 |
2007年 | 889篇 |
2006年 | 816篇 |
2005年 | 643篇 |
2004年 | 505篇 |
2003年 | 497篇 |
2002年 | 423篇 |
2001年 | 338篇 |
2000年 | 290篇 |
1999年 | 269篇 |
1998年 | 207篇 |
1997年 | 196篇 |
1996年 | 170篇 |
1995年 | 141篇 |
1994年 | 132篇 |
1993年 | 114篇 |
1992年 | 94篇 |
1991年 | 71篇 |
1990年 | 55篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 54篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 38篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1972年 | 19篇 |
1971年 | 26篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
景观生态学在建设项目生态环境影响评价中的应用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
景观生态学目前是国家环境保护总局《非污染生态影响评价技术导则》引入的概念框架和理论方法。本文通过景观生态学在不同性质建设项目中的运用分析,进行了一定的尝试,更加希望在今后建设项目生态环境影响评价工作中得到修正和完善。 相似文献
992.
Harris G 《Disasters》2002,26(1):49-54
This paper presents an economic evaluation of landmine clearance in Afghanistan. The main benefits comprise increased agricultural output, saved transport time and running costs, saved human casualties and the saved costs of supporting refugees and displaced persons. An investment of US$100 million between 1988 and 1998 is estimated to provide annual benefits of $50.3 million per annum between 1999 and 2008. This translates into net present values of between $935 and $1,744 million, depending on the rate of discount used. This contrasts with the negative NPVs estimated for several other countries. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
River systems as providers of goods and services: a basis for comparing desired and undesired effects of large dam projects 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Brismar A 《Environmental management》2002,29(5):598-609
In developing countries, large dam projects continue to be launched, primarily to secure a time-stable freshwater supply and
to generate hydropower. Meanwhile, calls for environmentally sustainable development put pressure on the dam-building industry
to integrate ecological concerns in project planning and decision-making. Such integration requires environmental impact statements
(EISs) that can communicate the societal implications of the ecological effects in terms that are understandable and useful
to planners and decision-makers.
The purpose of this study is to develop a basic framework for assessing the societal implications of the river ecological
effects expected of a proposed large dam project. The aim is to facilitate a comparison of desired and potential undesired
effects on-site and downstream. The study involves two main tasks: to identify key river goods and services that a river system
may provide, and to analyze how the implementation of a large dam project may alter the on-site capacity and downstream potentials
to derive river goods and services from the river system.
Three river goods and six river services are identified. River goods are defined as extractable partly man-made products and
river services as naturally sustained processes. By four main types of flow manipulations, a large dam project improves the
on-site capacity to derive desired river goods, but simultaneously threatens the provision of desirable river goods and services
downstream. However, by adjusting the site, design, and operational schedule of the proposed dam project, undesirable effects
on river goods and services can be minimized. 相似文献
996.
Anderson AB 《Environmental management》2002,29(3):428-436
The Land Condition Trend Analysis (LCTA) program is the US Army's standard for land inventory and monitoring, employing standardized
methods of natural resources data collection, analyses, and reporting designed to meet multiple goals and objectives. Critical
to using LCTA data in natural resources management decisions is the ability of the LCTA protocols to detect changes in natural
resources. To quantify the ability of LCTA protocols to detect resource changes, power analysis techniques were used to estimate
minimum detectable effect sizes (MDES) for selected primary and secondary management variables for three Army installations.
MDES for a subset of primary variables were estimated using data from 27 installation LCTA programs. MDES for primary and
secondary variables varied widely. However, LCTA programs implemented at larger installations with lower sampling intensities
detected changes in installation resources as well as programs implemented at smaller more intensively sampled installations.
As a national monitoring program that is implemented at individual installations, LCTA protocols provide relatively consistent
monitoring data to detect changes in resources despite diverse resource characteristics and implementation constraints. 相似文献
997.
长江流域生态环境的意义及生态功能区段的划分 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
虞孝感 《长江流域资源与环境》2002,11(4):323-326
中国加入WTO之后,中国经济进一步与国际市场接轨,融入世界经济体系,机遇和挑战同在。欧美各国近年大力推行的环境标志产品认证,对第三世界商品质量设置入关的环境门槛。长江产业带作为世界最大的内河产业带和制造业基地,现在世界通行的环境管理认证体系和环境标志产品的认证,对长江流域产业尤其是外贸出口产业有长远而深刻的影响。这种认证制度,一方面对我出口商品设置了新的障碍,另一方面又将环境保护压力直接施加到企业。重视流域生态环境将从政府行为、公民压力扩展到企业行动,由于流域生态环境的负荷愈来愈重,流域生态环境的自我调节和恢复功能大幅下降,引起了日益严重的流域性生态安全问题。根据长江流域生态环境特征、不同的生态功能及存在的主要生态安全问题,将长江流域划性生态安全问题。根据长江流域生态环境特征、不同的生态功能及存在的主要生态安全问题,将长江流域划分成以下五个不同的生态功能区段,即长江源地区、金少江段(直门达至宜宾)、长江上游段(宜宾至宜昌)、长江中游段(宜昌至湖口段)、长江下游段(湖口至入海口)。针对不同区段主要的生态安全问题,应因地制宜采取相应的防范和整治措施。为保护与恢复生态功能服务。 相似文献
998.
Edward B. Barbier 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2003,5(3-4):437-458
The following paper examines the main factors determining long-run agricultural land expansion in Latin America compared to other tropical regions. Given the importance of natural resource-based sectors for most economies in Latin America, the impact of price-induced "resource booms" on economic growth in the region is explored. In addition, the paper examines whether there is an inherent "boom and bust" pattern of economic development associated with agricultural land expansion in Latin America, and the extent to which economic policies in the region exacerbate this problem. The paper concludes by examining the role of targeted policies in alleviating the structural obstacles to Latin American agricultural and economic development. 相似文献
999.
Lake Erie water quality has improved dramatically since the degraded conditions of the 1960s. Additional gains could be made,
but at the expense of further investment and reductions in fishery productivity. In facing such cross-jurisdictional issues,
natural resource managers in Canada and the United States must grapple with conflicting objectives and important uncertainties,
while considering the priorities of the public that live in the basin. The techniques and tools of decision analysis have
been used successfully to deal with such decision problems in a range of environmental settings, but infrequently in the Great
Lakes. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how such techniques might be brought to bear on an important, real decision
currently facing Lake Erie resource managers and stakeholders: the choice of new phosphorus loading targets for the lake.
The heart of our approach is a systematic elicitation of stakeholder preferences and an investigation of the degree to which
different phosphorus-loading policies might satisfy ecosystem objectives. Results show that there are potential benefits to
changing the historical policy of reducing phosphorus loads in Lake Erie. 相似文献
1000.
Methodological Development of an Index of Coastal Water Quality: Application in a Tourist Area 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
With the aim of obtaining an index of coastal water quality, a methodological procedure based on numerical classification and discriminant analysis is presented. The procedure was applied to nutrient data (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate) analyzed along the coastal waters of a Spanish tourist area. Using numerical classification, three levels of nutrient loading were revealed, characterizing oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and potentially eutrophic waters. Discriminant analysis was shown to be an effective methodological tool in the discrimination between trophic groups. For every group, the discriminant procedure generated the centroids. The centroids representing oligotrophic and potentially eutrophic conditions were used to establish the two extremes of the continuum of mesotrophic conditions in these coastal waters: Standardizing values from -1 to 1, the centroids for oligotrophic and potentially eutrophic waters yielded an interval that defined the range of mesotrophic conditions. This interval is proposed as a water quality index. The ability of the coastal water quality index to successfully predict mesotrophic conditions was proved with random samples. 相似文献