“十一五”我国主要工业行业SO2和COD技术减排的效应分析

在分析＂十一五＂期间SO2和COD减排情况的基础上,通过构建体现分行业污染减排的环境效应分解模型,对各主要行业不同减排途径带来的污染技术减排效应进行测算,得到了各行业不同减排途径产生的技术减排效应值以及各行业污染技术减排的贡献度。测算结果显示,＂十一五＂期间火电、钢铁和水泥行业的SO2技术减排效应分别为2080万t、180万t、318万t,其中烟气脱硫工程在工业SO2污染减排中担负了主要贡献作用,贡献率为50.46%,造纸业、化学原料及制品行业、农副食品加工业的COD技术减排效应分别为309万t、103万t、135万t,最终给出了我国主要工业部门的SO2和COD技术减排效应对总减排效应的贡献度,分别为66.05%、51.10%,表明技术减排是＂十一五＂期间顺利实现污染减排的重要保证。     

Using revealed preferences to estimate the Value of Travel Time to recreation sites

The opportunity Value of Travel Time (VTT) is one of the most important elements of the total cost of recreation day-trips and arguably the most difficult to estimate. Most studies build upon the theoretical framework proposed by Becker (1965) by using a combination of revealed and stated preference data to estimate a value of time which is uniform in all activities and under all circumstances. This restriction is relaxed by DeSerpa's (1971) model which allows the value of saving time to be activity-specific. We present the first analysis which uses actual driving choices between open access and toll roads to estimate a VTT specific for recreation trips, thereby providing a value which conforms to both Becker's and DeSerpa's theoretical models. Using these findings we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation to identify generalizable results for subsequent valuation studies. Our results indicate that 3/4 of the wage rate provides a reasonable approximation of the average VTT for recreation trips, while the commonly implemented assumption of 1/3 of the wage rate generates downward biased results.     

贵阳市市西河最小生态环境水量初步研究

针对整治后市西河河流系统的特点及主要生态环境服务功能目标,从水质功能达标、保护水生生物栖息地、景观娱乐用水三个角度,计算出市西河的各类生态环境水量,取其所需临界流量中最大的一个作为市西河河流生态环境水量。研究表明,市西河最小生态环境水量应为2.376m3/s,大于二桥断面河流实际水量0.914m3/s,必须通过调水或其它方式解决。     

环境标准物质的研究

环境标准物质对于环境监测数据的可靠性是非常重要的,水环境标准物质的研制是困难的。就COD环境标准物质的研究进行了深入的探讨。     

恒压变频调速给水方式在民用建筑的问题

恒压变频调速给水方式已普遍被采用,但作为应用在民用建筑供水上的新方式,对其深入研究不多。导致实际使用效果参差不齐。指出了恒压变频调速方式应用在民用建筑供水上出现的问题,详细分析了出现问题的原因,并提出了解决办法。     

不同灾后救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品最优订购的报童模型

灾后救援过程中医疗人员和医疗物品的最优配置（订购）是应急管理的1个重要问题,运用多产品报童模型分析不同灾后救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品最优配置（订购）问题。首先,针对地震、海啸等不同灾害类型的灾后救援情境,结合医疗人员和医疗物品的互补特征,提出3条基本假设;其次,分析医疗人员和医疗物品2种资源不同订购量的期望收益函数,构建2种资源的最优订购报童模型,根据海瑟矩阵证明该问题存在着最优解,并运用库恩塔克优化条件得出最优解;最后,结合数值分析方法,分析地震、海啸等救援情境下医疗人员与医疗物品的最优订购数量。研究结果表明:医疗物品最优订购数量与其成本成反比;医疗物品最优订购数量与医疗人员最优配置数量成正比,与其退货补贴成正比;医疗人员和医疗物品的最优配置（订购）数量需要满足基本的互补关系。     

基于WBS-RBS的突发事件应急资源需求匹配研究

针对突发事件的应急处置具有“情景依赖”这一特性,“情景-应对”方式可作为突发事件应急处置的首选指导方法,而应急资源作为应急处置的核心资源之一,其供给与需求的一致性是提高应急救援效率的关键因素,因此,提供符合灾害需求的应急资源配置,对于提升应急管理水平和应急救援效率具有重要意义。将项目管理理论中的工作分解结构（WBS）、资源分解结构（RBS）思想,融入突发事件应急处置中,将突发事件情景依据WBS分解成若干个由独立救援任务构成的集合,再针对具体的救援任务需求,提供相应的装备物资,构建基于WBS-RBS的突发事件应急资源需求匹配矩阵,进而为突发事件整体应急管理水平的提高,提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

Nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on biochar for the highly efficient removal of nitrobenzene

• Biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite (nZVI/BC) was synthesized. • nZVI/BC quickly and efficiently removed nitrobenzene (NB) in solution. • NB removal by nZVI/BC involves simultaneous adsorption and reduction mechanism. • nZVI/BC exhibited better catalytic activity, stability and durability than nZVI. The application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in the remediation of contaminated groundwater or wastewater is limited due to its lack of stability, easy aggregation and iron leaching. To address this issue, nZVI was distributed on oak sawdust-derived biochar (BC) to obtain the nZVI/BC composite for the highly efficient reduction of nitrobenzene (NB). nZVI, BC and nZVI/BC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For nZVI/BC, nZVI particles were uniformly dispersed on BC. nZVI/BC exhibited higher removal efficiency for NB than the simple summation of bare nZVI and BC. The removal mechanism was investigated through the analyses of UV-Visible spectra, mass balance and XPS. NB was quickly adsorbed on the surface of nZVI/BC, and then gradually reduced to aniline (AN), accompanied by the oxidation of nZVI to magnetite. The effects of several reaction parameters, e.g., NB concentration, reaction pH and nZVI/BC aging time, on the removal of NB were also studied. In addition to high reactivity, the loading of nZVI on biochar significantly alleviated Fe leaching and enhanced the durability of nZVI.     

浅谈MTBE汽油添加剂的应用对环境的影响

介绍了MTBE汽油添加剂净化汽车尾气的作用,分析污染地下水源和遭到禁用的原因,提出建议.     

絮凝法预处理高浓度垃圾渗滤液的实验研究

在用絮凝法对CODCr高达19 200～22 500 mg·L-1的垃圾渗滤液进行预处理当中,以垃圾渗滤液的CODCr去除率为考察指标,通过不同混凝剂对CODCr去除效果的比较,确定了最佳混凝剂.通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳混凝剂用量以及最佳反应条件.研究结果表明,采用自制聚合氯化铁絮凝剂在投药比为1 000:3,pH值为10.5左右,搅拌时间为5.0 min,沉降时间为20 min时,能够使垃圾渗滤液的CODCr去除率达到64%以上,减轻了下一步生物处理的负荷.