低温等离子体-臭氧催化氧化降解硫化氢气体的耦合效果与调控方法研究

利用低温等离子体在降解污染过程中产生的副产物臭氧,开展了低温等离子体-臭氧催化氧化耦合工艺同时去除硫化氢和臭氧研究,考察了催化剂粒径、空床停留时间、催化反应温度、等离子体输入功率等工艺参数对硫化氢降解和副产物臭氧浓度的影响。研究发现:臭氧需求因子(Df)与催化床层出口的硫化氢与臭氧浓度之间有一定的对应关系,ln(Df)介于3~4时,尾气中硫化氢和臭氧的浓度可分别维持在5.0×10-6,3×10-6m3/m3以下;等离子体能量密度SIE/Cin与ln(Df)值成明显的正相关:ln(Df)=30.924SIE/Cin-3.5622。对于进气浓度(Cin)和气体流速(Q)皆已知的硫化氢废气,通过调控输入功率(P)来调控SIE使ln(Df)值在3~4,可使耦合工艺具有最佳的去除效果,实现硫化氢和臭氧最佳去除。     

河北省城市水资源利用绩效评估与需水量估算研究

从公共服务部门标杆管理思想出发,构建了2007—2014年中国地级以上城市水资源利用效率标杆体系,并以此为评估依据,对河北省地级以上城市2007—2014年水资源利用效率展开评估,识别各个城市万元GDP水耗、万元工业总产值水耗、人均综合水耗和人均生活水耗在全国所有地级以上城市和不同类型范围城市中的具体位置和变化趋势;并在此基础上对城市水资源利用效率标杆体系进行历史趋势外推,将标杆预测结果作为河北省各城市节水效率管理目标,结合河北省人口数量增长和社会经济发展规划目标,估算了"十三五"期末2020年河北省地级以上城市需水量,以期为指导河北省地级以上城市"以水定城"发展战略的制定提供参考依据.结果显示:河北省唐山市、沧州市、廊坊市万元GDP水耗一直处于全国先进水平;仅沧州市万元工业总产值水耗一直处于全国先进水平;保定市、沧州市和衡水市的人均综合水耗一直处于全国先进水平;保定市、沧州市、张家口市、石家庄市、秦皇岛市、邢台市的人均生活水耗一直处于全国先进水平;预计到"十三五"期末,河北省地级以上城市市辖区工业需水总量减少为8.81亿m~3,居民生活需水量增加为4.26亿m~3,城市总用水量增加为16.94亿m~3.     

Effects of benthic hydraulics on sediment oxygen demand in a canyon-shaped deep drinking water reservoir: Experimental and modeling study

Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is a major contributor to hypolimnetic oxygen depletion and the release of internal nutrient loading. By measuring the SOD in experimental chambers using in both dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion and diffusional oxygen transfer methods, a model of SOD for a sediment bed with water current-induced turbulence was presented. An experimental study was also performed using near-sediment vertical DO profiles and correlated hydraulic parameters stimulated using a computational fluid dynamics model to determine how turbulences and DO concentrations in the overlying water affects SOD and diffusive boundary layer thickness. The dependence of the oxygen transfer coefficient and diffusive boundary layer on hydraulic parameters was quantified, and the SOD was expressed as a function of the shear velocity and the bulk DO concentrations. Theoretical predictions were validated using microelectrode measurements in a series of laboratory experiments. This study found that flow over the sediment surface caused an increase in SOD, attributed to enhanced sediment oxygen uptake and reduced substances fluxes, i.e., for a constant maximum biological oxygen consumption rate, an increased current over the sediment could increase the SOD by 4.5 times compared to stagnant water. These results highlight the importance of considering current-induced SOD increases when designing and implementing aeration/artificial mixing strategies.     

柴油发电机环境低频噪声影响防治初探

以设在民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境的影响为研究对象,就柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境敏感点的影响进行监测,了解民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境噪声对环境的影响水平,参照我国的国家标准作环境影响评价,探讨民用住宅里的柴油发电机环境低频噪声对环境的污染防治对策.     

工业废水BOD5与CODCr相关关系以及BOD5测定的简化法

通过研究BOD5与CODCr的相关性,用线性函数BOD5=a+bCODCr的形式进行一元回归,间接求出BOD5或指导BOD5的测定,验证BOD5结果的准确性以及通过对稀释法公式的推导得出简化法的公式,并与稀释法进行比较,结果表明,简化后的方法与稀释法无显著差异,精密度、准确度较好.     

装备环境基础数据信息服务平台建设研究

目的 建立服务全军的装备环境基础数据信息共享平台,为装备质量研究和管理人员提供技术服务.方法 首先通过对装备研究院下属单位开展调研,分析调研结果,得到需求分析结论.以用户需求为基础,梳理本单位的基础数据和信息类别,理清相关信息元素,利用Java+Weblogic8.3+Oracle10g的模式进行开发.结果 利用软件技...     

Smart meters for enhanced water supply network modelling and infrastructure planning

To design water distribution network infrastructure, water utilities formulate daily demand profiles and peaking factors. However, traditional methods of developing such profiles and peaking factors, necessary to carry out water distribution network modelling, are often founded on a number of assumptions on how top-down bulk water consumption is attributed to customer connections and outdated demand information that does not reflect present consumption trends; meaning infrastructure is often unnecessarily overdesigned. The recent advent of high resolution smart water meters allows for a new novel methodology for using the continuous ‘big data’ generated by these meter fleets to create evidence-based water demand curves suitable for use in network models. To demonstrate the application of the developed method, high resolution water consumption data from households fitted with smart water meters were collected from the South East Queensland and Hervey Bay regions in Australia. Average day (AD), peak day (PD) and mean day maximum month (MDMM) demand curves, often used in water supply network modelling, were developed from the herein created methodology using both individual end-use level and hourly demand patterns from the smart meters. The resulting modelled water demand patterns for AD, PD and MDMM had morning and evening peaks occurring earlier and lower main peaks (AD: 12%; PD: 20%; MDMM: 33%) than the currently used demand profiles of the regions’ water utility. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of widespread smart water metering systems for enhanced water distribution infrastructure planning and management as well as the benefits to customers.     

长三角地区城市化对典型生态系统服务供需的影响

长三角地区快速城市化进程影响了生态系统服务供需的平衡关系,为实现长三角一体化高质量发展需要探究城市化对生态系统服务供需的影响。基于生态模型、Pearson相关性、随机森林、局部空间自相关等方法分析城市化和生态系统服务供需间的影响关系、敏感性与空间交互关系,提出生态管理措施。研究发现：2000—2018年间,长三角地区城市化综合水平上涨133.33%;各典型生态系统服务供需比均为正但均呈下降趋势,平均下降幅度22.39%;城市化对生态系统服务供需比具有显著的负向影响,2000—2018年间,影响强度平均上升82.34%;食物生产对人口城市化敏感性较强,碳储存和生境质量对经济城市化敏感性较强,水源涵养和PM_2.5去除则对空间城市化敏感性较强;城市化与生态系统服务供需比存在较大的空间错配性。由此建议将长三角地区划分为生态利用区、生态重构区、生态源地区和生态修复区,并结合城市化和生态系统服务供需特征提出生态优化管理措施。     

氧化塘技术处理采油废水运转效果监测及分析

氧化塘技术是处理工业废水常用的方法之一。对桩西采油厂的氧化塘设置了5个监测点位,每月监测4～8次。由监测数据可知,氧化塘温度决定藻类、细菌和其他水生物优势种属的演替;COD的去除效果受季节影响较小;塘内水流受风向影响较大;对石油类物质的去除效果比较稳定;挥发酚的去除与季节有较大关联;硫化物的去除率很高。分析结果表明,该氧化塘运转状况良好,但应注意来水状况。     

Factors affecting the variability of household water use in Melbourne,Australia

This study investigates the variability of household water use in Melbourne with the aim of improving the current understanding of factors affecting residential water use. This understanding is critical to predicting household water demand, particularly at an appropriate spatial and temporal resolution to support Integrated Urban Water Management based planning and to improve the understanding on how different household water demands respond to demand management strategies. The study used two sets of data each collected from 837 households under significantly different water use conditions in the years 2003 and 2011. Data from each household consist of the household characteristics and quarterly metre readings. Ordinary Least Square regression analysis followed by detailed analysis of each factor was used to identify key factors affecting household water use. The variables studied are household size, typology of dwelling, appliance efficiency, presence of children under 12 years, presence of children aged between 12 and 18 years, tenancy, dwelling age, presence of swimming pool, evaporative cooler, and dishwasher. All of them except presence of children aged between 12 and 18 years, tenancy and dwelling age were identified as variables that contribute to the variability of household water use in Melbourne. The study also found that the explanatory capacity of these variables increases with decreasing water use. This paper also discusses the significance of the explanatory variables, their impact and how they vary over the seasons and years. The variables found in this study can be used to inform improved prediction and modelling of residential water demand. The paper also explores other possible drivers to explain residential water use in light of the moderate explanatory capacity of the variables selected for this study thus, provides useful insights into future research into water demand modelling.