电镀污泥水热合成复合铁氧体与回收铜试验研究

以电镀污泥为原料,在温度为200℃、晶化时间为4h的条件下研究水热法合成复合铁氧体.结果表明,通过投加氯化高铁和沉淀剂可将电镀污泥中的Zn、Fe、Cr和Ni固化、稳定在铁氧体晶格之中;X射线衍射分析表明,此复合铁氧体主要为Ni/Zn铁氧体.通过选择NH4HCO3作为沉淀剂,可将电镀污泥中的氢氧化铜络合生成[Cu(NH3)4]2 ,铜萃取率可达80%以上;并可通过调节含铜分离液的pH值在5.4～6.4,生成碱式氯化铜转入固相,铜回收率在98%以上.复合铁氧体的磁性较强,分散性好,粒度分布均匀,且重金属浸出毒性低于美国TCLP(Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure)的毒性鉴别标准值.因此,水热法合成复合铁氧体是实现电镀污泥资源化与自净化的有效途径.     

化学氧化-沉淀法处理电镀废水

采用化学氧化-沉淀法处理电镀废水,可使出水达到一级排放标准。结合工程实际,介绍电镀废水处理工程的设计及调试情况。该工艺操作简单,运行费用低,占地面积少,污泥产生量少。     

电镀污泥制砖试验研究

将电镀污泥与煤渣、石灰、石膏按一定比例混合后，再加入少量的水泥制成粉煤灰砖，并对其样品进行浸出试验及质量检测，研究重金属铬（Ⅵ）的浸出状况及青砖的质量，探讨利用电镀污泥制砖这一处置方式的可行性。     

电镀行业清洁生产审计

通过对徐州矿务集团华东机械厂生产现状的调查研究,确定审计重点为电镀分厂,并对审计重点进行了评估,提出了清洁生产方案,且对方案实施后的经济效益、环境效益作了分析。     

多元线性回归-分光光度法测定电镀排放废水中重金属

采用多元线性回归-分光光度法进行电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的同时测定研究。以4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)为显色剂,探索了同时测定模拟电镀废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的实验方法,建立多元线性回归模型。根据实际电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的质量浓度分布调查结果,设计了测定较低和较高浓度范围2种模型,分别对应不同水质波动程度的电镀企业废水,前者浓度范围设置基本覆盖大多数实际电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的浓度,且具有较高精度。测定浓度范围较小模型对应水质波动较小的电镀排放废水,模型中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的质量浓度分别为0.32～0.44、0.32～0.50、0.72～0.84 mg/L,平均相对误差MR...     

电镀污泥水热利用技术研究

采用连续式水热设备处理电镀污泥并进行重金属的分离纯化,试验研究了水热条件对污泥破解效果的影响.结果表明:每100g污泥加入150mL20%的硫酸溶液,反应温度为250℃,压力为7MPa,反应时间为8min时,电镀污泥毒性降低至一般固体废弃物标准.重金属分离纯化工艺研究表明:硫化沉铜的沉铜剂加入量为理论量的1.25倍,pH=2.0,反应温度为80℃时,沉铜率达98.1%;萃取除锌的有机相浓度为30%,O/A=2,萃取平衡时间为4min时,锌的萃取率达到94%以上;0.50倍理论用量的碳酸钙可有效促进铬镍的富集,铬的回收率达到92%以上,镍的回收率达到88%以上.     

电镀污泥焚烧过程中的热分析以及重金属的迁移规律

选取一种典型的含重金属危险废弃物电镀污泥,研究了电镀污泥的热特性以及不同重金属元素———铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)和锰(Mn)在焚烧产物中的迁移和排放特征.热重分析结果表明,干电镀污泥热重的升温过程中主要有几个失重高峰:100℃,150℃和600℃,其中100℃和150℃主要是电镀污泥中的挥发酚的析出,以及一些有机物质的热解和焚烧,而600℃主要是碳酸盐分解的结果;从能谱分析可知电镀污泥主要由O,S,Al,Ca,Cr,Fe等元素,还有一些次要元素如Mg,Cu,Zn,P,Cl,C组成.升温过程中,非金属元素C和Cl有较为明显的下降,Cr,Fe,Mg在900℃以内变化不大.从迁移规律实验可知,重金属Mn、Pb、Ni和Cu在焚烧过程中随着温度升高含量逐渐降低,其中又以Ni的含量下降最为明显,而Cd则正好相反有明显的富集效应.     

Complexing agents in waste waters of finnish electrolytic and chemical surface treatment plants

Goal, Scope and Background  Complexing agents are one of the major environmental concerns in electrolytic and chemical surface treatment (ECST) industry; e.g. the EU reference document on the best available technology (BREF) pays special attention to the usage of EDTA. However, no comprehensive studies are available on usage of EDTA or other complexing agents or their load to the receiving waters from ECST industry. In this study, the concentrations of complexing agents were analyzed to get an overview of their usage and load and also to recognize their relevance in the environmental permitting and compliance monitoring of such facilities. Methods  Complexing agent concentrations of treated waste water samples of 23 ECST plants with vat volume exceeding 30 m³ was studied. HPLC and GC-MS were used to analyze and identify complexing agent concentrations, ICP-AES to analyze metals, and TOC to analyse the organic load. The number of the plants in this study equals around 50% of such installations in Finland subject to environmental permit as the IPPC directive provides. Results  EDTA, DTPA, and NTA were found in 11 samples out of 23 mainly in rather small concentrations. Their annual load to the receiving waters may be estimated to be 0.3 tons and the total load from Finnish ECST industry can be extrapolated to be up to 1 ton. Compared to the estimated use of 5–10 tons in the industry this finding is rather low, even though in Finland cast-off treatment baths are typically delivered to the hazardous waste treatment plants. Discussion  Since the load of complexing agents is rather low, the chemical waste water treatment seems to be either capable of reducing complexing agent concentrations to some extent or their usage is lower than expected. On the other hand, it is possible that not all complexing agents were identified from the samples. The metal concentrations and TOC were well hand in hand with concentrations found in the Finnish environmental database, which proves that the samples were of average quality of the waste water from the facilities. Conclusions  According to the results, complexing agents cannot be considered as an environmental risk in the ECST industry in Finland; EDTA concentrations are clearly below PNEC_aqua (2.2 mg/l) and the total discharge is very marginal compared to the discharge from the pulp and paper industry. However, DPTA seems to be as commonly used as EDTA, but also biodegradable NTA was found. Recommendations and Perspectives  Since EDTA has gained plenty of attention in the BREF, DTPA and other, poorly biodegradable complexing agents should also be taken into account when the BREF is updated within a few years. Also an EU risk assessment report especially for DTPA should be supplied, since its use is obviously increasing.     

ICP-AES测定电镀污泥中的Ag,Cu,Ni

介绍了用王水消解-氨水浸取含银电镀污泥试样的预处理方法,并对试样预处理中的若干问题进行了讨论。研究了分别在碱性和酸性介质中用高频电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）仪直接测定污泥中Ag,Cu,Ni等金属元素的分析方法。实验结果表明：在选定的最佳仪器工作条件下,Ag,Cu,Ni,Al,Ca,Fe加标回收率为97％～105％,相对标准偏差小于1．5％。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用的试样测定含量范围为0．01％-12．5％（干基试样）。     

膜分离技术在电镀废水处理中的应用现状

膜分离技术作为一种新型分离技术,具有分离效率高、过程能耗低等特点,被广泛应用于废水处理领域。由于电镀废水污染物种．是多样,纳滤、反渗透、聚合物强化超滤、电渗析等膜分离过程作为电镀废水的处理与资源化技术被深入研究,纳滤、反渗透及其组合工艺等被应用于电镀废水的处理及其资源化,有着良好的应用前景。