张家界旅游可持续发展能力的生态足迹评价

应用Wackernagel等提出的生态足迹评价方法对张家界2004年旅游生态足迹和旅游生态承载力进行分析和计算,以测度张家界旅游可持续能力。结果表明:张家界旅游可持续发展面临较大困难,人均旅游生态赤字0.0594 hm2,必须采取措施,合理使用生态资源,才能保证旅游业持续发展。     

一般工业固废填埋场建设项目环境监理探析

介绍了一般工业固废填埋场工程的特点和环境监理的现状;结合填埋场项目环境监理工作的实践,分析并总结了填埋场建设项目环境监理要点,即制订切实的监理方案,对工程的关键部位、关键工序做好巡视、旁站监理工作,在实施过程中做好水土保持、生态保护的监理工作。     

累积影响研究及其意义

在综述累积研究现状的基础上,概述了累积影响的概念与分类方法,累积影响评价的主要途径,论述了累积影响研究的前景与意义。     

Analysis of relationship between economic growth and environment in Benxi Shiqiaozi Development Zone

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泗河水环境容量及最大允许排污量计算

规范了水环境容量的定义和分类,建立了符合泗河水文、水资源特征和水环境状况的河流水环境容量模型,与GIS技术结合构建了适合北方地区的河流水环境容量计算程序和方法;摸清了水功能区-入河排污口-点源排放口的一一对应关系,提出了将水域环境容量转换为陆域点源最大允许排污量的估算方法。计算了泗河在满足水功能区划条件下的水环境容量及最大允许排污量,从而为制定该河流水污染物容量总量控制方案提供了科学依据。     

预富集技术在原子吸收光谱环境分析中的应用

原子吸收光谱法是分析环境水样中金属离子含量的有效方法之一。在测定时往往需要对样品进行前处理,然后再进行测定。文章介绍了近些年较新的一些分离富集技术在原子吸收光谱分析环境中金属离子时的应用,分析了离子交换树脂在样品中金属离子富集分离过程中的研究近况,评述了固相萃取、析相微萃取、单滴液滴微萃取、分散液液微萃取、离子液体萃取、浊点萃取等多种萃取方式在样品预富集中的应用进展,综述了活性炭、纳米粒子、淀粉、分子筛等吸附剂在富集环境水样中金属元素的应用现状,同时还对在线富集技术与流动注射分析技术联用在金属元素分析中的应用进展进行了评述。     

巢湖和太湖春季微囊藻毒素动态差异及与环境因子的关系

为探究春季巢湖和太湖水体中胞内微囊藻毒素(IMCs)动态变化时空差异及其关键影响因子,于2019年3—5月对两湖不同湖区进行采样分析。结果表明:春季巢湖和太湖的IMCs呈现明显的时空分布特征,IMCs浓度逐月增加,在富营养化水平高的湖区明显高于富营养水平低的湖区;两湖IMCs的异构体均以IMC-LR为主,占比分别为65.10%和58.10%;3—5月两湖IMCs浓度差异明显,巢湖月均IMCs浓度(0.077、0.238、0.632 μg/L)明显高于太湖(0.021、0.031、0.166 μg/L),单位生物量IMCs及其异构体LR的毒性(IMCs/Chla和IMC-LR/Chla)也明显高于太湖。相关性分析表明,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)浓度和TN/TP是影响IMCs浓度和单位生物量IMCs毒性的关键环境因子,同时产毒藻的丰度和产毒能力也可能是造成此差异的重要原因。     

研发投入对我国上市环保企业绩效的影响分析

研发投入是技术创新的基础,而创新是一个企业的核心竞争力,直接影响企业的效益及发展。选取2016—2019年我国沪深两市环保行业61家上市公司连续4年的面板数据作为研究对象,采用多元回归分析的方法实证分析环保上市公司研发投入对公司绩效的影响,并分析研发投入的滞后效应。结果显示:研发资金投入强度在当期对公司绩效有负向作用,在滞后一期时与资产收益率呈正相关,滞后两期时与主营业务利润率呈正相关;而研发人员投入强度对企业绩效在当期就有促进作用。为促进企业高质量发展,应当加大研发资金长期性投入,提升研发人员创新能力,加强研发成果转化。     

Village-scale reserves in the forest frontier regions of Chenes and Calakmul,Mexico

ABSTRACT

Sketch-map-facilitated interviews were conducted in 23 villages in two adjacent regions in the southern Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico – the Maya (and increasingly Mennonite) forest-agriculture mosaic of the Chenes, and the late-20^th-century-settlement forest frontier of Calakmul – to determine the frequency and typology of local-scale reserves, including the external (e.g. Payments for Environmental Services programs) and internal sources of their generation. 9% of the study communities are found to satisfy the author’s criteria for deliberate, autochthonous reserves. The static polygon reserve and static map are found to have limited value for understanding the evolving cultural ecologies of these regions. Alternative approaches are discussed, particularly those employed by geographers.     

Credibility and advocacy in conservation science

Conservation policy sits at the nexus of natural science and politics. On the one hand, conservation scientists strive to maintain scientific credibility by emphasizing that their research findings are the result of disinterested observations of reality. On the other hand, conservation scientists are committed to conservation even if they do not advocate a particular policy. The professional conservation literature offers guidance on negotiating the relationship between scientific objectivity and political advocacy without damaging conservation science's credibility. The value of this guidance, however, may be restricted by limited recognition of credibility's multidimensionality and emergent nature: it emerges through perceptions of expertise, goodwill, and trustworthiness. We used content analysis of the literature to determine how credibility is framed in conservation science as it relates to apparent contradictions between science and advocacy. Credibility typically was framed as a static entity lacking dimensionality. Authors identified expertise or trustworthiness as important, but rarely mentioned goodwill. They usually did not identify expertise, goodwill, or trustworthiness as dimensions of credibility or recognize interactions among these 3 dimensions of credibility. This oversimplification may limit the ability of conservation scientists to contribute to biodiversity conservation. Accounting for the emergent quality and multidimensionality of credibility should enable conservation scientists to advance biodiversity conservation more effectively.