红枫湖饮用水水源地的工业企业环境风险评价

为降低饮用水水源地的工业企业突发环境事件发生的频率、提高环境风险管理的效率,在工业企业环境风险特征分析及Seveso Ⅲ指令的基础上,构建了基于危险物质泄漏、污染物排放及迁移、风险管理与控制能力的工业企业环境风险评价指标体系,并建立了风险评价方法. 以贵阳市红枫湖流域为例,按其水文特征划分为5个区域,对流域工业企业及各区域进行了风险评价. 结果表明:红枫湖流域81家工业企业中有55家风险企业,占企业总数的67.9%,整体风险水平较高;风险级别为重大、较大、一般和较低的企业分别有10、14、20和11家;风险较高的企业多为化工、印染、医药、造纸、冶金和煤矿类企业;羊昌河、麦翁河、麻线河、后六河流域及湖区周边区域的风险指数分别为16.09、7.01、3.77、0、1.07,羊昌河和麦翁河流域分别属于较高风险、一般风险区域,而其他区域的风险较低. 风险评价结果与红枫湖流域内工业企业的污染特点及位置分布较吻合,据此提出红枫湖流域实施环境风险分级管理的建议.      

太原市工、商业区PM10中PAHs碳同位素组成及来源

利用中流量大气综合采样仪采集太原市工业区和商业区PM₁₀样品,使用GC/IRMS技术分析了PAHs的δ13C值(碳同位素组成),并根据碳同位素质量平衡计算了煤烟尘和机动车尾气对2类功能区的贡献率. 结果表明:工业区PM₁₀中PAHs的δ13C值在-26.0‰~-24.5‰之间,随环数增加呈贫13C趋势,与煤烟尘δ13C值的变化趋势一致,表明煤烟尘是工业区的一个主要污染源;商业区PAHs的δ13C值在-26.6‰~-26.2‰之间,较工业区显著贫13C,商业区与工业区的污染源有明显差异;除机动车尾气和煤烟尘外,工业区和商业区还有其他污染源输入,其中工业区有生物质燃烧排放输入,商业区有机动车曲轴箱润滑油残渣输入;煤烟尘和生物质燃烧对工业区的贡献率分别为59.3%~70.8%和29.2%~40.7%,表明工业区煤烟污染严重;机动车对商业区PAHs的贡献率在86.1%~95.8%之间,是商业区PM₁₀中PAHs的主要排放源,其中润滑油残渣的贡献率(在40.9%~85.3%之间)最大,机动车尾气的贡献率在8.3%~54.9%范围内,而煤烟尘的贡献率(在4.2%~13.9%之间)最小.      

建筑工人不安全行为影响因子分析及控制措施研究

为有效的控制建筑工人的不安全行为,从而减少事故,须分析出建筑工人不安全行为主要影响因素,并提出针对性控制措施。从各种不安全行为中提取13个影响因子,在此基础上通过访谈和调研获得直接影响矩阵,借助决策试验和评价实验室方法(DEMATEL)计算出每个因子的影响度、原因度和中心度,由此分析出安全态度、安全技能、安全认知和安全培训在影响因素体系中最为重要,领导的重视对建筑工人的不安全行为也有很大影响。结果表明:个人因素是影响工人安全行为的主要因素,环境因素和管理因素通过影响个人因素影响工人的安全行为。最后,针对个人影响因素,提出了合理开展安全培训、加强现场行为管理、加强安全心理干预、完善用工制度等措施。     

建筑垃圾资源化处置技术及装备综述

介绍了国内外有关建筑垃圾资源化处置的相关工艺,并从分选除杂、破碎、筛分、整形强化四方面总结了建筑垃圾资源化处置技术与装备,分析其性能特点及应用范围,为我国相关工艺技术及装备的发展提供参考和借鉴。     

Impact of heavy metals of industrial plant wastewater on benthic communities of Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia)

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of human impact on the characteristics of sediments heavy metal concentration, grain size and its influence on the structure of the microbial and meiofaunal community assemblages. A survey was carried out in July 2013 within six sites located in the Bizerte Lagoon (Tunisia), both downstream and upstream of industrial effluents. The highest total sediment metal concentrations were detected in stations located close to the industrial sewage discharge points. In these stations, the lowest densities of the total meiofauna (33?±?13?ind/10?cm^?2) and conversely the highest densities of cultivable bacteria that are heavy metal resistant have been reported (16?±?80.34?CFU?g^?1). Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (MDS/CCA) analyses demonstrate high dissimilarity (0.06) in meiofaunal and bacterial community structures between downstream and upstream industrial sewages. Furthermore, canonical correspondence analysis CCA results indicated that heavy metal sediment contamination promoted bacteria that are resistant to heavy metals, while heterotrophic bacteria supported the development of meiofauna taxa. The results highlight the importance of bacteria/meiofauna interactions, as both meiofaunal and microbial communities give indications of the ecological impact of heavy metal contamination in sediment.     

Biochemical biomarkers and overall health status of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to nickel and chromium

This study examined the effects of nickel and chromium exposure on two biochemical biomarkers, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), in parallel with an indicator of overall health, Scope for Growth (SFG), in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to evaluate their ecological relevance and to assess their potential use as biomarkers of Ni and Cr pollution. SFG integrates major physiological responses into an index that represents the energy status of the animals and is considered an ecologically relevant biomarker. Following exposure to a range of Ni and Cr concentrations effects of Ni and Cr were evident on GPX and SFG but not on ACHE. Accumulation in the mussels’ tissues increased according to exposure concentrations. Adverse effects on the energy status and induction of GPX were found at the higher exposure concentrations while possible hormetic effects on the energy status and moderate GPX suppression were associated with lower exposure concentrations. Nevertheless GPX was negatively correlated with SFG suggesting that GPX responses reflect the overall health of the organisms and thus show potential as an early warning signal of population level effects of Ni and Cr. On the other hand, our results indicate that ACHE is not a suitable biomarker for Ni and Cr pollution.     

经济增长质量与能源效率是一致的吗?

论文从全社会节能的角度提出全社会能源效率的概念,构建了经济增长质量指标体系,并基于1997—2007 年中国30 个省份的面板数据,采用Malmquist DEA方法测算了广义技术进步指数并进行分解,然后运用面板方法分析了经济增长质量与能源效率的作用机制,研究结果表明经济增长质量与能源效率是不完全一致的,具体表现为:改善环境质量与提高能源效率是一致的,技术进步与产业结构升级能够促进能源效率,但出口比重的增加和生活水平的提高会抑制能源效率的改进。技术进步、技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率对全社会能源效率有正向影响,技术效率的作用大于技术进步,纯技术效率和规模效率的下降削弱了技术进步的正向作用。     

Regionalisation and sustainability in the field of industrial production

SUMMARY

Regional business concepts are said to have huge potential to support sustainable development in industrialised countries (e.g. Stransfeld, 1999). However, whereas efforts have been made to implement regional concepts within agriculture and forestry, empirical findings show that regional concepts are only of minor importance to managers within industrial production (Rentz et al., 2000). Considering this situation, the aim of the present article is to explain why regional business concepts have rarely been implemented in the field of industrial production. Therefore, in the course of the present article, a raster for the identification of relevant barriers on a personal, enterprise, inter-firm and macroeconomic level will be developed and applied. Subsequently, suggestions for a set of measures to overcome these barriers to regionalisation will be given. The results have been identified in the framework of a questionnaire to about 30 decision makers of industrial companies within research, a project promoted by the German Ministry of Education and Research.     

Sustainability analysis of Chinese transport policy

SUMMARY

Whilst the world economy is developed, the life and development of human beings have been threatened by the imbalance between environmental and ecological aspects. Thus, sustainability is becoming increasingly the focus of various social fields. For most developing countries, a strategy with good sustainability for social development is of long-term significance to keep the economy in expansion. This paper first reviews the conceptual framework and up-to-date development of sustainability. Second, it reviews the current transport situation of China and its future demands. Third, the paper analyses transport policy from the viewpoints of energy consumption and environment pollution caused by transportation. It finally summarises suggestions for transport policy that China should consider in the future.     

Facilitating sustainable development in Chile: a survey of suitable energy technologies

Sustainable development in developing countries is the main aim of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). However, in the present context, uncertainty prevails as to whether the CDM is actually achieving its aims in terms of achieving sustainable development and to what extent. Chile has several renewable energy and energy efficiency options with significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement potential that are not yet financially and economically competitive. In order to be able to identify potential CDM projects and to formulate a series of possible investment strategies with a sustainable development component, it is crucial to establish a clear understanding of the host country's needs and priorities and the suitable sustainable energy technologies to meet these needs. The main scope of this paper is to present results obtained from an elaborated stakeholder assessment on Chile's high priority energy needs and sustainable energy technologies fulfilling these needs in order to assist Chile in finding ways of encouraging technology transfer that would contribute to low-carbon sustainable energy development.