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61.
ABSTRACT: Country level electoral data were used to analyze the voting patterns of eight water related constitutional amendment elections. Both water quality enhancement amendments (1971, 1976), and three of six water development amendments (1957, 1962, 1966) have been ratified, thus establishing a statewide policy of reservoir development, a funding mechanism to implement such a policy, and the creation of a water management agency. Begining with the 1969 election, a West Texas-East Texas regionalized voting pattern has emerged, resulting in the defeat of three amendments (1969, 1976, 1981) intended to provide additional funding for water development. This regionalization reflects different climatic, physiographic, economic, and locational factors, and represents a potential obstacle to coordinated water management in Texas. 相似文献
62.
为研究高压水射流卸压防治复合动力灾害的可行性,以余吾煤业高瓦斯矿井东翼采区内首采N2105工作面工程地质条件为背景,通过现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和工业性试验等方法,对N2105进风平巷两帮采取高压水射流卸压防治效果进行了研究。结果表明:对巷帮煤体采取高压水射流卸压技术,煤体在高压水射流的冲击力和扰动应力波共同作用下瞬间发生破坏;巷帮侧支承应力分布曲线由原有的“单高峰值”转变为“内低外高双峰值”,受以上支承应力变化的影响,底板煤岩体内难以形成范围较大且连续的塑性应力状态区;现场电磁辐射和矿压监测结果表明高压水射流技术对煤层卸压增透效果显著,降低了巷道发生复合动力灾害的可能性。研究结果可为同类矿井复合动力灾害的防治提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
63.
采用无机陶瓷超滤膜和低浓度阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)处理亚甲基蓝(MB)模拟废水,考察了废水中SDBS、MB浓度及废水pH对超滤过程的影响.实验结果表明:SDBS浓度影响MB在最大吸收波长处的吸光度值;当废水中SDBS浓度为1.20 mmol/L(即25℃时的临界胶束浓度)、废水中MB浓度为1.00 mmol/L、废水pH为9.0时,超滤效果最好;在此条件下,透过液中SDBS浓度和MB浓度分别为0.06 mmoL/L和0.01 mmol/L,MB的截留率为99.2%,膜通量为309.6 L/(m~2·h).SDBS对MB超滤过程的强化机理主要为MB与SDBS形成结合体析出及SDBS胶束的增溶作用. 相似文献
64.
利用SAFIR程序,对带板钢筋混凝土简支梁的耐火极限增大系数进行了分析。考察了梁的荷载比、配筋率、保护层厚度、跨高比,以及板的厚度、宽度、保护层厚度和配筋率等参数,对ISO834标准升温过程作用下带板简支梁的耐火极限增大系数的影响规律。通过1296种工况的计算分析,建立了该增大系数的实用计算公式。研究结果表明:①板的保护层厚度对该增大系数的影响较大,随着保护层厚度增加,该增大系数迅速增大;②板的厚度和纵筋配筋率对该增大系数的影响较小;③适当增加板的宽度可以提高该增大系数。 相似文献
65.
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67.
Declines in salmon stocks and general watershed health in Washington State, USA, have led to an increase in stream restoration
and enhancement projects initiated throughout the state. The increasing number of projects has also raised questions regarding
the monitoring of these efforts. Project managers receiving hydraulic project approvals (HPAs) were surveyed to determine
whether monitoring was taking place on their projects. About half the project managers surveyed reported the collection of
baseline data and the use of biological, physical, chemical, or other water quality measures for their projects. Of those
who reported collection of monitoring data, only 18% indicated that monitoring was required. Respondents were also asked to
rank the importance of various project goals on a Likert scale. Project managers with projects focusing on “engineering” goals
(e.g., roadbed stabilization) were less likely than other project managers to collect baseline monitoring data. Project managers
with projects focusing on “restoration/ecological” or “fisheries” goals were more likely than other project managers to collect
monitoring measures. Although monitoring appears to be taking place in slightly more than half of the projects surveyed, the
nature of the data collected varies widely across projects, and in most cases the monitoring effort is voluntary. This suggests
that project sponsors, funders, and managers must consider the issues involved in requiring appropriate monitoring, establishing
standardized monitoring guidelines, the time frames in which to monitor, providing other incentives for conducting monitoring,
and ensuring adequate funding for monitoring efforts. 相似文献
68.
We report a long-term study of offspring sex ratios in the cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus. Detailed study of this species had revealed a suite of potentially strong selection pressures on the sex ratio. First, females
gain substantial fitness benefits from the presence of helpers; so females without male helpers would benefit from any strategy
that increased the probability of recruiting help, such as overproduction of sons (local resource enhancement hypothesis),
but large numbers of helper males compete among themselves, favouring the production of daughters (local resource competition).
Second, daughters fledged early in the season have far greater chances of recruitment to the breeding population than late-fledged
daughters, so mothers would benefit from production of daughters early in the breeding season (early bird hypothesis). Third,
extra-group mate choice imposes strong sexual selection on males, suggesting that females mating with attractive sires could
benefit from investing in sons (sexual selection hypothesis). However, the predictions from these and other sex ratio hypotheses
were rejected. The only convincing evidence for manipulation of the sex ratio was a slight bias towards sons (11 sons to 10
daughters) that occurred regardless of context. This result does not support current theory. 相似文献
69.
Natural environment has endured fast economic growth population explosion sine the th century which has soil erosion land desertification ozone layer depletion bio-diversity reduction persistent toxic harmful pollutants are among the major environmental challenges.…… 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(4):469
Natural environment has endured fast economic growth and population explosion sine the 20th century,which has soil erosion,land desertification,ozone layer depletion,bio-diversity reduction and persistent toxic and harmful pollutants are among the major environmental challenges. 相似文献
70.
针对可靠性强化试验的各个试验项目对产品的可靠性影响的综合评价问题,应用D-S证据理论对其试验效果进行评价。介绍了D-S证据理论的基本概念及D-S证据融合准则,并针对RET给出应用D-S证据理论对其进行评价的方法。该方法首先针对RET对产品可靠性影响的各个可能性结果构造识别框架;其次,将RET中的每个试验项目视为一个证据,建立相应的证据体;最后,使用D-S证据融合规则对各个证据进行融合。结果表明,针对RET采用D-S证据理论进行评价有助于将多个证据有机地融合在一起,有利于提高评价的准确性,降低不确定度。 相似文献