Modeling of organic pollutant destruction in a stirred-tank reactor by ozonation

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The influence of forest fires on CO, HCN, C2H6, and C2H2 over northern Japan measured by infrared solar spectroscopy

Total column abundances of CO, HCN, C₂H₆, and C₂H₂ have been retrieved from infrared solar spectra observed at Moshiri (44.4°N) and Rikubetsu (43.5°N) in northern Japan from 1997 to 2005. The spectra were recorded with high spectral resolution ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and total column abundances were calculated by SFIT1 version 1.09e. Deviations of these species relative to their seasonal mean values (ΔCO, ΔHCN, ΔC₂H₆, and ΔC₂H₂) were derived, which showed short-time enhancements in 1998, 2002, and 2003. Good correlations among ΔCO, ΔHCN, ΔC₂H₆, and ΔC₂H₂ in a few months of each year were seen. Since the number of forest fires in Siberia had large enhancements in 1998, 2002, and 2003, trajectory analyses were performed in order to assess the influence of forest fires and it was confirmed that air masses passing over the location of burning points in Siberia reached Moshiri and Rikubetsu. This paper shows that enhancements of these species were driven by biomass burning in Siberia.     

TiO2纳米管催化活性再生处理技术简

采用H₂O₂、Fe₂（SO₄）₃和Fenton溶液对失活的TiO₂纳米管进行再生处理,重点考察了3种溶液的浓度和处理时间等对再生效果的影响,初步分析了经处理后TiO₂纳米管催化活性得到再生或增强的机理。结果表明,经H₂O₂溶液处理后TiO₂催化活性能得到有效再生,经Fe₂（SO₄）₃和Fenton溶液处理后其催化活性不仅得到再生,还能显著增强,这与H₂O₂和Fenton的强氧化作用,及进入TiO₂纳米管的Fe³⁺的阻止电子-空穴对再复合作用有关。     

井下穿层长钻孔水力压裂强化增透技术

为了提高井下低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采效果,提出井下穿层长钻孔水力压裂强化增透技术。根据水力压裂施工工艺和关键技术,将水力压裂过程分为准备阶段、高压注水阶段和保压阶段,重点阐述了封孔、试压、注水压裂、数据监测、保压、排水等关键技术。同时分析了长钻孔水力压裂增透机理,并进行了水力压裂强化增透试验。根据压裂过程中压裂参数变化规律,从煤储层参数和钻孔瓦斯抽采参数方面综合考察了试验效果。结果表明:压裂后煤层透气性系数提高了2.67倍,最大影响半径达到了58 m,抽采流量和抽采体积分数分别是普通压裂钻孔的24.4倍和10.27倍,最大压裂影响半径提高了2.32倍。     

The Effects of Discussion of Familiar or Non-Familiar Information on Opinions of Anthropogenic Climate Change

ABSTRACT

The study found that encountering new information in an online chat rather than information that participants already knew and were familiar with was more likely to reduce support for the view that climate change is due to anthropogenic causes, even though the majority of the presented information supported anthropogenic causes. Participants reported feeling more competent and knowledgeable about the topic and felt less ostracized from others in the chat when participants were already familiar with information others discussed than when information discussed by others in the chat was new information. However, they viewed other chat members as more competent and knowledgeable when those others mentioned new information. Results are discussed within knowledge deficit model of science communication and the bias for common information.     

高瓦斯低透气性煤层深孔预裂爆破增透技术研究及应用*

为解决高瓦斯矿井开采过程中煤体透气性差、瓦斯预抽周期长、抽采效果不佳的难题,提出利用深孔预裂爆破技术提高煤体裂隙发育度,增加煤体透气性,从而提高瓦斯抽采率的方法。通过现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟及工业性试验等方法,分析深孔预裂爆破卸压增透内在机理,确定爆破影响半径为4.5~5.3 m,并在A110605工作面进行现场应用,同时考察煤层增透效果。研究结果表明:煤层爆破致裂后,平均瓦斯抽采浓度提高了2.17倍,平均瓦斯抽采纯量提高了2.02倍,煤层透气性系数提高了近5.3倍,煤层卸压增透效果显著,很大程度上消除了煤与瓦斯突出危险性,为实现工作面的安全开采及正常接替提供了保障。     

基于柔性SERS基底的快速原位检测环境污染物的方法

采用自组装方法,在新生的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)薄膜上形成有序的纳米金粒子(AuNPs)层结构,制备AuNPs/PMMA薄膜.因PMMA支撑层具有柔韧性和透光性的特点,可直接将AuNPs/PMMA薄膜置于被检测物表面,通过表面增强拉曼散射技术实现物体表面污染物的快速原位检测.相比于其它检测方法,该方法快速、简单、成本低,在环境监测、食品安全及医疗卫生等领域有着极为广泛的应用前景.     

海洋环境水下电磁场基本特性及抑制方法研究

目的掌握环境水下电磁场的基本特性以及适宜的降噪方法。方法从时域、频域、相关与极化等方面对某海域进行分析,并对得到的大量海洋环境水下电磁场特性进行总结,基于分析结果,研究自适应线谱增强技术在海洋环境水下电磁场抑制方面的应用。结果海洋环境水下电磁场具有一定的规律性和随机性,利用自适应线谱增强技术,信号强度增加了6 dB。结论通过对环境电磁场基本特性以及抑制方法的研究,可以对舰船测试中环境电磁场的影响程度进行评估,并提高目标的探测能力。     

超声强化技术在水处理中的应用研究进展

作为高级氧化技术,超声空化产生元选择性的强氧化性自由基,具有较大优势,但由于超声空化机理的特点使得有机物的完全矿化受到限制,而提高超声效率的常见方法有：优化频率、声强,与其他技术组合等。文章主要从超声波参数,添加剂,超声-高级氧化技术、超声-活性炭、超声-微生物处理、超声-石墨、超声-气浮、超声-膜处理、超声-混凝、超声-消毒技术等方面综述了超声强化技术原理及其在水处理中的应用研究进展。其中研究较少的方法有间歇超声、多频超声、充入多种气体以及超声与各工艺组合,如超声与活性炭、等离子体技术等组合,这些强化技术都-定程度的强化了超声效果。有些组合暂时未用于水处理,但经过完善也将大大催进水处理事业的发展。虽然超声波具有较大优势,但是由于其成本高,反应器生产技术限制。超声波大规模用于实际生产还需要较长-段时间。     

一种新型高选择性检测镁离子的荧光增强型探针

合成了一种新的镁离子荧光探针1(α-(喹啉-8-氧基)-乙酰水杨醛腙)(α(quinolin-8-yloxy)-acetyl salieyl hydrazone).探针1的乙醇溶液只发非常微弱的荧光,加入镁离子后在400-500nm的波长范围可以观察到65倍的荧光增强,而加入其它碱金属或碱土金属离子则不会引起荧光光谱的...