信息可视化在化工企业水环境安全影响评价中的研究及应用

运用data system.exe技术,对水环境评价系统功能模块进行设计;提出水环境影响评价信息可视化软件的设计方法;建立水环境污染因子数据信息可视化软件,并应用该软件对石油化工企业的水环境进行了初步的风险评价。结果表明:该软件能在识别污染因子数据信息的同时生成与之相匹配的直观的模拟环境图像,有助于管理者进行及时分析与决策;通过输入水环境污染因子监测值后,系统可以自动判定环境的污染的程度,并把对应环境质量的级别、环境的安全程度以及污染对人体与生物的影响程度在图中显示出来,能够有效地提高环境影响评价的可靠度;评价示意图中的评价因子可以根据需要进行增加或更换,有助于该系统的推广应用,建立的环境污染因子数据信息可视化模型具有很强的适用性。     

钢铁企业工作场所煤气泄漏扩散规律的研究

以钢铁企业管网煤气泄漏为研究对象,以煤气泄漏扩散规律为研究主题,在确定煤气泄漏相似于浮力射流的基础上,建立煤气泄漏扩散的数学模型。采用CFD软件PHOENICS数值模拟气体泄漏过程的速度场及其浓度分布。在已有煤气泄漏检测系统的基础上,选择性实验模拟煤气泄漏浓度与扩散时间、扩散方向的变化。数值模拟和实验模拟表明,虽然两种方法所得结果存在一定差异,从定性分析角度而言,却能够反映工作场所煤气泄漏后在有限空间内运移扩散的一般规律。     

企业生产安全事故的“基因”分析

思索生产安全事故频发共性表象"违法、违章"背后的原因,提出"生产安全事故基因"概念。分析得出"去小概率性"、"社会责任缺失"和"非货币化产出分析能力短缺"3种生产安全事故基因,前两种基因是不可去基因,后一种是可去基因,三者会在不同的条件下以显性或隐性的形式呈现,并作用于生产过程;提出企业组织安全进化的常规对策——完善市场经济环境,创新对策——教育要为"安全"生产服务,强调学历教育系统在创新对策中的重要地位和作用。通过"基因"分析及其对策,为安全生产培养安全管理人员和相关人才,推动安全生产,实现经济与社会和谐发展。     

家具企业安全管理调查研究——运用行为抽样法调查分析不安全行为

为降低家具企业事故的发生概率,通过对家具企业机加工车间工人的不安全行为的观察,依据其主要表现,将工人的不安全行为分为静态和动态两类;运用行为抽样法对生产现场工人的不安全行为情况进行的抽查,并对其不安全行为进行现状评价;通过分析不安全行为发生的原因,提出相应的改进措施。     

The value of the environment – Is it a matter of approach?

This paper discusses why estimates of the benefits of reduced air pollution differ in accordance with the approach used. Estimates based on bottom-up studies of the damage costs related to air pollution usually turn out much lower than estimates based on assessments of the utility of reduced air pollution, obtained for instance by willingness to pay assessments. This is usually explained by the fact that the willingness to pay approach includes the utility aspect of non-market values, and for this reason, it is often preferred to the damage cost approach. This is, however, not the whole story. The paper shows why alternative approaches should not be considered as being in conflict, but rather as means to get supplementary information necessary to put a value on environmental quality. Information from bottom-up assessments of damage costs and from studies of the willingness to pay is used in a macroeconomic model to carry out an evaluation of the social costs of energy saving measures in Hungary.     

关于加强全国环境监测站建设的思考

在分析现状的基础上,提出了加强全国环境监测站建设的对策与建议。     

可持续发展导向的环境规划研究

在论述可持续发展与环境规划之间关系的基础上,指出环境规划的指导思想是环境与经济、社会的可持续发展。针对可持续发展的实质,提出了环境承载力变化趋势是衡量可持续发展的依据,从而为区域可持续发展提供了量化的依据。并以长春技术开发区环境规划为例进行了案例分析,验证结果合理、可行。     

A critical review of building environmental assessment tools

Since the field of environmental assessment tools for buildings is vast, the aim of this study is to clarify that field by analysing and categorising existing tools. The differences between the tools are discussed and the current situation within the tools is critically analysed. However, the comparison of the tools is difficult, if not impossible. For example, the tools are designed for assessing different types of buildings, and they emphasise different phases of the life cycle. In addition to environmental aspects, sustainable building includes economic and social aspects. The shift from green building to sustainable building and the future requirements are challenging for building environmental assessment tools. Furthermore, the benefits of using the tools should be analysed — how the tools and their results have affected decision making?     

突发环境事件应急监测演习脚本的编写

简述了突发环境事件应急监测演习脚本编写的重要性及相关原则,介绍了按事故情景演变和应急监测工作响应程序两种应急监测演习脚本的编写方法。