全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17172篇 |
免费 | 1374篇 |
国内免费 | 1330篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 2765篇 |
废物处理 | 270篇 |
环保管理 | 5142篇 |
综合类 | 7090篇 |
基础理论 | 1656篇 |
环境理论 | 54篇 |
污染及防治 | 573篇 |
评价与监测 | 937篇 |
社会与环境 | 1061篇 |
灾害及防治 | 328篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 50篇 |
2023年 | 195篇 |
2022年 | 261篇 |
2021年 | 418篇 |
2020年 | 489篇 |
2019年 | 448篇 |
2018年 | 399篇 |
2017年 | 677篇 |
2016年 | 756篇 |
2015年 | 758篇 |
2014年 | 764篇 |
2013年 | 1099篇 |
2012年 | 1132篇 |
2011年 | 1225篇 |
2010年 | 933篇 |
2009年 | 995篇 |
2008年 | 718篇 |
2007年 | 1055篇 |
2006年 | 1043篇 |
2005年 | 889篇 |
2004年 | 845篇 |
2003年 | 724篇 |
2002年 | 593篇 |
2001年 | 554篇 |
2000年 | 550篇 |
1999年 | 396篇 |
1998年 | 284篇 |
1997年 | 266篇 |
1996年 | 200篇 |
1995年 | 218篇 |
1994年 | 114篇 |
1993年 | 126篇 |
1992年 | 97篇 |
1991年 | 71篇 |
1990年 | 53篇 |
1989年 | 42篇 |
1988年 | 44篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 31篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 40篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
1973年 | 17篇 |
1972年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 937 毫秒
61.
The increasing use of the landscape by humans has led to important diminutions of natural surfaces. The remaining patches
of wild habitat are small and isolated from each other among a matrix of inhospitable land-uses. This habitat fragmentation,
by disabling population movements and stopping their spread to new habitats, is a major threat to the survival of numerous
plant and animal species. We developed a general model, adaptable for specific species, capable of identifying suitable habitat
patches within fragmented landscapes and investigating the capacity of populations to move between these patches. This approach
combines GIS analysis of a landscape, with spatial dynamic modeling. Suitable habitat is identified using a threshold area
to perimeter ratio. Potential movement pathways of species between habitat patches are modeled using a cellular automaton.
Habitat connectivity is estimated by overlaying habitat patches with movement pathways. The maximum potential population is
calculated within and between connected habitat patches and potential risk of inbreeding within meta-populations is considered.
The model was tested on a sample map and applied to scenario maps of predicted land-use change in the Peoria Tri-county region
(IL). It (1) showed area of natural area alone was insufficient to estimate the consequences on animal populations; (2) underscored
the necessity to use approaches investigating the effect of land-use change spatially through the landscape and the importance
of considering species-specific life history characteristics; and (3) highlighted the model's potential utility as an indicator
of species likelihood to be affected negatively by land-use scenarios and therefore requiring detailed investigation. 相似文献
62.
Wiersma YF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,100(1-3):1-9
Environmental benchmarks are widely used in Canadian environmental assessment as a standard against which to monitor air or water quality in response to human activities in the environment. Recent work in Canada has developed the concept of ecological benchmarks as a complement to environmental benchmarks. However, implementation of ecological benchmarks may be challenging. This paper presents an analogy between ecological benchmarks and the more commonly used environmental benchmarks, as an attempt to increase understanding and use of ecological benchmarks in resource management, assessment, and monitoring. Ecological benchmarks, and their corresponding indicators, will be challenging to identify and use. However, through the use of the principles of adaptive management, effective ecological indicators and benchmarks can be established. Although it is essential that ecological benchmarks are site-specific, the analogy and general principles outlined here are applicable to assessment and monitoring in any part of the world. 相似文献
63.
Martin Higgins Margaret Douglas Jill Muirie 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2005,25(7-8):723
The planning system is significant because of its capacity to determine the quality of the built environment as well as the health, well-being and quality of life of the individuals and communities therein. Development planning is especially important because of the long-term impact of the decisions. This paper was developed in response to increasing recognition amongst HIA practitioners in Scotland of the importance of planning for health. It focuses on the relationship between the planning system in Scotland, specifically the Development Planning element of it, and population health and considers how the health impact assessment (HIA) approach can facilitate and support joint working with planners. In particular, consideration is given to the potential impact of the introduction of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) on the linkages between health, HIA and planning. 相似文献
64.
65.
详细介绍了“城市空气质量日报自动发布系统”的开发背景和开发过程 ,并对系统整体的架构和所用到的技术作了针对性的说明 ,阐明了作者对此类系统的前景和发展方向的看法。 相似文献
66.
67.
对铜的 3条谱线 (2 49.2 nm、2 61 .4nm,3 2 4.8nm ) ,铅的 2条谱线 (2 83 .3 nm、2 1 7.0 1 nm )以及锌的 2条谱线(3 0 7.6nm、2 1 3 .9nm ) ,共 7条谱线的灵敏度、检测限、线性范围进行了归纳性总结 ,并对多种共存元素可能存在的干扰情况进行了研究 ,认为利用元素不同分析谱线的分析灵敏度差异 ,根据被测元素在样品消解液中含量 ,选择合适的谱线进行分析 ,既降低工作强度 ,又能获得满意结果 相似文献
68.
区域生态系统适应性管理概念、理论框架及其应用研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
论述了生态系统适应性管理基本概念与生态系统适应循环,着重分析了生态系统恢复力范围、抗性、不稳定性与跨尺度影响。生态系统适应循环通常经历入侵、保持、破坏、调整四个阶段,前两个阶段的生态系统演替是可以预测的,而后两个阶段是复杂、难以预测的。文章提出了适应性区域生态系统管理的基本概念,并构建了其理论框架,并以三峡库区小江流域为例,对小江流域景观生态特征、区域生态胁迫进行了详细分析。在此基础上,提出要以水生生态安全为总目标,并围绕这一目标,进行流域各生态系统的恢复力辨识、生态系统适应性循环过程研究,从各系统恢复力属性特征出发,提出了具体的适应性管理方法与模式。 相似文献
69.
Macroinvertebrate Regionalisation for use in the Management of Aquatic Ecosystems in Victoria, Australia 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The development of a broader, more holistic approach to aquaticecosystem management has been called for in recent years. Physical and chemical objectives alone are no longer consideredsufficient for the protection of aquatic ecosystems and shouldbe supplemented with biological objectives. The ubiquitousand sedentary nature of macroinvertebrates, combined with theirmeasurable response to environmental conditions, favour their use as important indicators in environmental policies. To establish biological objectives, there is a need for a regionalframework to limit the variability between ecosystems. Past studies have demonstrated that an a posteriori regionalisationapproach may be more useful than an a priori approach in explaining single component (e.g. macroinvertebrates) patternsacross ecosystems. This is particularly important as aquaticresource management agencies often focus on one or twocomponents of the ecosystem to assess environmental health. This study uses an a posteriori method to delineate and describebiological regions based on edge and riffle macroinvertebrate data. The regionalisation will provide a framework for settingbiological objectives, based on the range of reference conditionsmeasured within each separate region. The objectives will includeregional checklists for taxa and biotic indices. Predictive modelling in the style of RIVPACS or AUSRIVAS will also be usedwithin each region to develop objectives, incorporating local, regional and systematic features as predictor variables. 相似文献
70.
Finnamore A Alonso A Santisteban J Cordova S Valencia G de la Cruz A Polo R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,76(1):43-53
By applying principles of adaptive management, and by using the valuable information that arthropods provide from assessment and monitoring programs, managers can identify and reduce possible impacts on biodiversity in development projects. In 1996, the Smithsonian Institution's Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity program worked together with Shell Prospecting and Development Peru to establish an adaptive management program to protect biodiversity in a natural gas exploration project in a Peruvian rainforest. In this paper, we outlined the conceptual steps involved in establishing an assessment and monitoring program for arthropods, including setting objectives, evaluating the results and making decisions. We also present the results of the assessment using some of groups of arthropods, and summarize the steps taken to identify appropriate groups for monitoring. 相似文献