两种评价森林资源生态环境效益计量方法的比较

对评价森林资源生态环境效益的 2种方法进行了比较 ,阐述了这 2种方法的优缺点 ,通过案例分析可知 :森林资源环境效果评价法获得的评价值大 ,而意愿调查法的评价值小 ,并说明了导致这 2种方法评价值不同的原因。     

Environmental policy evaluation in the EU: between learning,accountability, and political opportunities?

ABSTRACT

Policy evaluation has grown significantly in the EU environmental sector since the 1990s. In identifying and exploring the putative drivers behind its rise – a desire to learn, a quest for greater accountability, and a wish to manipulate political opportunity structures – new ground is broken by examining how and why the existing literatures on these drivers have largely studied them in isolation. The complementarities and potential tensions between the three drivers are then addressed in order to advance existing research, drawing on emerging empirical examples in climate policy, a very dynamic area of evaluation activity in the EU. The conclusions suggest that future studies should explore the interactions between the three drivers to open up new and exciting research opportunities in order to comprehend contemporary environmental policy and politics in the EU.     

论环境风险及其管理制度建设

在阐明环境风险和环境风险管理的概念和内涵的基础上,叙述了中国面临的主要环境风险,提出了中国环境风险管理制度建设的建议.并着重指出,国家应当对重点风险源进行直接管理.     

因子分析及其在河网水质综合评价中的应用研究

对因子分析方法在天然水体水质评价中的应用进行研究,证明在数据较为缺乏的情况下,使用因子分析方法可以损失较少信息,减少评价指标,针对主因子进行分析,使水质评价结果更为合理和有效。同时,利用因子的得分值还可以将不同地区进行比较分析。应用因子分析对河网地区典型河流的水质状况进行分析,发现了增长潜力较大的主要因子,并对该地区的水质状况做出了符合实际的总体评价,表明因子分析在水质评价中具有重要应用价值。     

A new environmental chamber for evaluation of gas-phase chemical mechanisms and secondary aerosol formation

A new state-of-the-art indoor environmental chamber facility for the study of atmospheric processes leading to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been constructed and characterized. The chamber is designed for atmospheric chemical mechanism evaluation at low reactant concentrations under well-controlled environmental conditions. It consists of two collapsible 90 m³ FEP Teflon film reactors on pressure-controlled moveable frameworks inside a temperature-controlled enclosure flushed with purified air. Solar radiation is simulated with either a 200 kW Argon arc lamp or multiple blacklamps. Results of initial characterization experiments, all carried out at 300–305 K under dry conditions, concerning NO_x and formaldehyde offgasing, radical sources, particle loss rates, and background PM formation are described. Results of initial single organic–NO_x and simplified ambient surrogate–NO_x experiments to demonstrate the utility of the facility for mechanism evaluation under low NO_x conditions are summarized and compared with the predictions of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism. Overall, the results of the initial characterization and evaluation indicate that this new environmental chamber can provide high quality mechanism evaluation data for experiments with NO_x levels as low as 2 ppb, though the results indicate some problems with the gas-phase mechanism that need further study. Initial evaluation experiments for SOA formation, also carried out under dry conditions, indicate that the chamber can provide high quality secondary aerosol formation data at relatively low hydrocarbon concentrations.     

几种新式太阳能光催化反应器的探讨

本文综述了几种新式的太阳能光催化反应器 ,对其结构和处理效果进行了比较 ,并对该法处理水的经济性进行简单的概述 ,指出光催化法是一种可以充分利用太阳能、具有很大发展潜力的水处理方法     

广西贵港市土地利用总体规划实施评价

目前沿用的土地利用总体规划实施评价的方法多为定性的直接描述法，缺乏科学的评价体系，难以对规划实施的效果作出客观、科学的评判。文章引入层次分析法（AHP），对贵港市土地利用总体规划实施效果进行量化研究。结果表明，虽然当地政府高度重视规划的实施，实施情况总体良好，但社会经济成效指标和完成性指标评价得分较低。建议该市今后加快“三农”政策的落实，以提高农民种粮的积极性和农民的收入水平；加大土地开发复垦、退耕还林资金投入，并制定有力的保障措施，促进完成性指标的实施。同时，提高社会意识度，是规划实施工作的重中之重，今后的规划要强化公众参与。     

我国耕地地力评价研究进展

耕地是农业生产最基本的资源,耕地地力的好坏直接影响到农业生产的发展。随着我国经济社会快速发展,耕地面积与质量变化对粮食安全构成了严峻挑战,受到社会各界的日益关注,对耕地地力评价的研究越来越多。文章简要回顾了近十年来,我国耕地地力评价的历程、耕地地力评价的方法和GIS技术等现代研究手段在这一领域的应用。现有研究结果表明,现代信息技术在耕地地力评价中的作用日益突出,尤其是GIS技术的应用全面提升了传统耕地调查与评价的方式和方法,不仅省时、省力,评价结果准确可靠,而且可以做到适时更新、快速统计、制图,是今后耕地质量管理技术的发展方向。     

转bar及NIa基因白菜的田间生物学及经济性状调查

对转入除草剂抗性基因bar及来自病毒TuMV的／VIa基因的不结球白菜纯合株系二代进行了田问生物学性状调查,结果表明，转基因白菜的植物学性状与其未转基因对照材料相比，无明显差别；但在涉及其生存竞争力的一些生物学性状，如发芽势、花粉活力、种子库存力等方面，比对照材料弱，其经济性状也比对照稍差．获得的转基因性状——除草剂抗性，能稳定遗传，并在田间很好表达；NIa基因介导的TuMV抗性在露地开放栽培条件下，不能很好表达，转基因株染病较重．对产生以上现象的原因进行了分析讨论．图3表5参16     

坝上地区生态资源综合评估

以生态资源承载力的理论和方法为指导,对坝上地区进行生态资源综合评估。考虑坝上生态条件特点,有重点地选择相应指标,以客观准确反映该区域的特点;同时参考国际及国内的有关标准,构筑了表现生态资源综合评估的指标及分值标准,确定表达式及评价分值,并结合具体区域进行试用和检验。为深入综合探讨坝上生态资源特点奠定基础。