WASTE LOADINGS FROM A FRESHWATER ATLANTIC SALMON FARM IN SCOTLAND1

ABSTRACT: Recent studies suggest that waste generation from the freshwater phase of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) production varies considerably on an annual basis. A fish farm on the West Coast of Scotland was visited regularly during a two-year period to determine inflow and outflow water quality. Waste output budgets of suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN = NH₃+NH₄⁺), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) were produced. The annual waste loadings obtained were 71 kg TN t fish^?1 yr^?1 (one year of data only), 10.9–11.1 kg TP t fish^?1 yr^?1, 1.2–2.1 kg DRP t fish^?1 yr^?1, 422–485 kg BOD₅ t fish^?1 yr^?1, 327–337 kg SS t fish^?1 yr^?1, and 30–35 kg TAN-N t fish^?1 yr^?1. Simple linear regression models relating waste parameter production to water temperature and feeding regime were developed. When compared to existing data for other salmonid production systems, greater ranges of daily waste loadings were observed. Wide variations in concentrations of these parameters during a daily cycle were also observed, suggesting that mass balance estimates of waste production will provide more robust estimates of waste output than frequent monitoring of outflow water quality.     

正交化方法在水质模型参数确定中的应用

本文根据常微分方程参数反问题的数学理论，将正交化方法同有限差分法结合用于确定水质模型参数，并与正则化方法、最速下降法和共轭梯度法作了比较。其计算结果对比表明，正交化方法具有快速、简便、可靠的特点。更适合于水质模型参数的确定。     

浅谈沱江泸州大磨子水质自动监测系统的改进

本文对沱江流域泸州大磨子水质自动监测系统运行初期的部分改进进行了分析与陈述，并根据对长江流域泸州沱江二桥水质自动监测站和泸州大磨子水质自动监测站的经验，总结出该系统部分改进前后的利与弊，希望能给岷、沱江流域各水质自动监测站的管理人员和仪器设备商提供借鉴。     

气候条件变化对棉纤维品质的影响

对棉纤维品质试验的结果分析表明，其长度受气候条件的影响不明显，而比强度和麦克隆值则明显受气候条件的影响。从变异值分析，受气候影响大小顺序是：比强度〉发克隆值〉长度。影响比强度的气候因子主要是日均温、累积降水量和相对湿度，影响麦克隆值的气候因子主要是日均温和累积降水量或夜均温、累积降水量。并确定影响比强度的日均温最低临界值为24．5℃，最适值为26．1℃，铃期累积降水量的最高临界值为109．9mm，最适值为44．6mm，栩对湿度的最高临界值为77．7％，最适值为67．9％。麦克隆值适宜范围的日均温为20．5～24．8℃，累积降水量为108．2～308．2mm。长度适宜范围的最低温度为14．7～20．8℃，相对湿度为84．7％～89．5％。这些因子和指标的确定为建立棉纤维品质的定量模型奠定了基础。     

企业职业健康安全管理体系持续运行的实践与探讨

本文介绍了天津保税区天保公用设施有限公司加利用PDCA循环方法实现持续改进质量标准化建设，持续开展OHS管理体系运行所做工作及其成效。主要包括：领导重视企业安全质量标准化工作；建章立制，努力夯实企业安全生产基础；确立安全质量标准的建设；利用PDCA循环方法实现持续改进。     

浅议提高环保工程项目的质量管理水平

分析了环保工程总承包项目质量管理中存在的主要问题，提出了提高项目质量管理水平的主要措施。     

秦皇岛港污水回用工程出水水质标准的制定

污水深度处理后回用不仅节约水资源,也减少了大量污染物的排放,是一项一举多得的益事。秦皇岛港污水深度处理回用工程利用城市二级处理的污水,经深度生物处理后用于煤炭除尘,解决了除尘水源紧张的局面。本文就如何确定回用工程的出水水质指标及其标准进行了讨论,阐述了制定出水水质标准的基本原则。     

Best management practices compliance monitoring approaches for forestry in the eastern United States

Many of the eastern states that have published best management practices (BMPs) or forest management guidelines have also developed compliance monitoring programs to assess the application of these BMPs or guidelines on public and private forest land. The approaches among these states to collecting on-site monitoring data (measuring compliance) and evaluating sites are variable. A survey of eastern states found that almost all southern states monitor application of BMPs, but proportionally fewer of the northern states have established compliance monitoring programs. The state forestry agencies provide the leadership for these programs in most of the eastern states. States that monitor tend to evaluate all public and private forest landowner categories located within their states. In general, northern states monitor a broader array of site resources (e.g., cultural resources, visual quality) as compared to southern states which focus on water quality and wetlands protection. However, northern states focus their monitoring on timber harvesting, forest road construction and maintenance as compared to southern states which tend to monitor a broader array of forest management activities (e.g., site preparation, reforestation). When selecting sites for monitoring, the most common approach is to select some sites from all landowner categories within the state. Many states do not specify any criteria to identify sites for monitoring so that all sites have an equal chance for selection. Some states do use specific criteria to filter sites for monitoring, most commonly size of forest management activity and proximity to water.     

An assessment of Mississippi's nonindustrial private forest landowners knowledge of forestry BMP's

This study examined the knowledge levels of Mississippi Non Industrial Private Forest (NIPF) landowners. Data were collected by passing out surveys to participants in Best Management Practices (BMP) educational programs held in conjunction with County Forestry Association (CFA) meetings across Mississippi. Ten CFA's participated in this study. Educational program participants were asked to fill out a survey with several demographic and BMP questions prior to the educational program. Results show that BMP program participants owned an average of 113 hectares, whereas the average Mississippi NIPF landowner owns 20 hectares. Responses to BMP related questions show that Mississippi NIPF landowners have a low level of knowledge concerning BMP's. This situation is likely similar to other states in the Southeastern United States. It can be assumed that county forestry association members are more active and informed about managing their forest land. Therefore, these results may overestimate the BMP knowledge level all landowners in Mississippi.Improved educational programs for NIPF landowners, along with better communication between foresters, loggers, and NIPF landowners are needed if BMP's are to be implemented effectively in Mississippi and across the southern region.     

除湿机的冷凝水化学成分与空气环境质量的关系

本文采用家用除湿机作为空气水溶性物质采样器方法，并验证了该方法作为空气水溶性物质采样嚣的可行性。本文通过空气冷凝水化学成分与空气总悬浮微粒(TSP)可溶性化学成分的对比，得到水汽中大部分阴阳离子的含量只比TSP低1个数量级，而水汽中的微量元素含量与各种碳的浓度不都比TSP低，TSP中一般检测不出亚硝酸根，而水汽中则检出大量亚硝酸根。