德国的可再生能源法及其借鉴意义

2005年2月28日,《可再生能源法》在十届全国人大常委会第十四次会议上获表决通过,为中国可再生能源快速发展提供了良好的契机.但是,要使本法发挥有效作用,需要制定出明确可行的实施细则.为此,有必要研究学习国际先进经验.德国可再生能源法是世界上最先进的关于清洁能源的立法之一,它的很多原则和具体条款都具有相当的创新性,在实践中充分发挥了效力,极大地促进了德国可再生能源的发展.本文介绍分析了德国可再生能源法的重要条款并对比了我国的可再生能源法,指出了它的借鉴意义.     

可再生能源发电配额制政策(RPS)研究

本文首先解释了可再生能源发电配额制政策的基本含义。然后 ,通过比较英国、美国、荷兰、丹麦和澳大利亚五国的可再生能源发电配额制政策 ,总结了实施RPS的国际经验 ,包括成功的经验和失败的教训 ,提出了以及对中国实施RPS的政策建议     

环境监测综合业务平台建设的启示 ——以南通市为例

从南通市环境监测综合业务平台建设的系统管理员的视角入手,对平台建设中的经验进行了总结,主要有明确了清晰的工作流程、具备了较高的自动化程度、监测数据的直观展示、保证平台项目的实施人员、多层次的全员培训、完善硬件配套和保障等;同时也对平台建设中存在的问题进行了剖析,主要有平台建设合同过于宏大、平台建设应寻求合适的系统开发方合作、平台建设应形成共识统一思想、平台建设需求应适当"固化"等;全面总结平台建设相关经验教训,南通市环境监测综合业务平台的建设必然会继续前行.     

城市施工扬尘控制管理先进经验及启示

国际上施工扬尘控制管理立法,由环保部门监管,突出扬尘源头控制和全过程管理,主要由建设单位承担施工期扬尘控制责任,要求采用最佳管理实践,重视扬尘排放量化管理,对违规行为处罚十分严厉.国内城市应吸取先进经验,推进扬尘防治地方性立法,赋予环保部门监管责权,利用排污申报与许可加强施工扬尘源头控制,加强全过程和内外部相结合的环保管理,推进扬尘排放标准研究和监测工作,实施精细化管理.     

Prey detection without successful capture affects spider’s orb-web building behaviour

Animals obtain information from past foraging experience to adjust their foraging activity according to their environment. The ability of spiders to obtain information from unsuccessful predation experiences was investigated by examining the effects on web building, a significant foraging investment, of prey detection without successful capture in the orb-web spider Cyclosa octotuberculata. Four treatments were employed: (1) successful capture and feeding: one syrphid fly was allowed to be captured and consumed by the spider on the web; (2) single prey-item detection: a syrphid fly was placed on the web to lure the spider, but was removed before capture; (3) five prey-item detection: above prey-item detection stimulus was given five times; and, (4) control: neither prey nor feeding on the web. While control spiders decreased the total thread length and capture area of their webs, prey-item detection spiders in both conditions increased them, indicating that the spider obtained information from unsuccessful predation experience to adjust their foraging investment. The fed spiders exhibited a significantly greater increase than the prey-detection-only spiders, suggesting that prey detection alone and prey detection with consumption had different informational effects. Total thread length did not differ between single and five prey-item detection spiders, but distance between two adjacent sticky spirals increased only in the former spiders, possibly because five times unsuccessful predations prevented spiders to reduce web stickiness. It suggests that the spider changed web morphology according to the number of prey detection.     

国内外滨海地区先进环保经验对江苏沿海开发的启示

调研了国内外滨海地区环保管理的经验,结合江苏沿海地区环境的特点,对江苏沿海开发中的环保管理提出了建议和展望。     

Media Use and Public Perceptions of Global Warming in India

Media plays a vital role in informing the public about environmental threats. Although climate change is a global problem, developing countries such as India are often more vulnerable to the impacts due to poverty, illiteracy, and low public awareness. Using data from a nationally representative survey in India, this paper explores the relationships between media use, issue attention, and trust in informational sources on one hand and science-based climate change beliefs, risk perceptions, and policy support on the other. Results suggest that the Indian media, through consistent and accurate coverage of global warming using trusted sources, can play a positive role in increasing public engagement among a largely unaware population. Implications for climate change communication in India are discussed.     

国内经济区的发展实践对中原经济区的启示

基于中原经济区的特点,在全国20多个经济区中选择珠三角经济区、海西经济区、成渝经济区和武汉城市圈4个典型的经济区进行深入分析,通过总结、分析和对比它们各自的发展经验,得出对中原经济区建设和发展的重要启示。     

Re-imagining the environment: using an environmental art festival to encourage pro-environmental behaviour and a sense of place

Environmental art can be used by government as an engaging medium to encourage pro-environmental behaviour and a sense of place at a grassroots level. By stimulating discussion and reflection, environmental art offers an imaginative format to promote environmental engagement. In this case, by placing artworks in nature, a community's focus was drawn to the beauty of their everyday environment and the ideas communicated by the works, in an effort to encourage environmental awareness and stewardship. This study explores audience responses to Floating Land – a local-government-initiated environmental art festival held in the Noosa Biosphere in Australia. A multi-layered perspective of the festival's impact on pro-environmental behaviours and sense of place was investigated via questionnaires administered to the audience, workshop participants and local residents. Data offered insights into attitude differences between those who intended to change their behaviour and those who did not; understandings about the influence of workshop facilitators; and revelations about a community finding opportunities to re-imagine their place through environmental art. Recommendations are offered as a way for governments to incorporate environmental art into their role of educating for the environment. This study contributes to the under-researched area of audience responses to environmental art by providing qualitative and quantitative analysis that draws out understandings of the impact of art that promotes environmental awareness and a sense of place. The study reveals that Floating Land contributed to reinforcing the essential role of local people in engendering positive change, thus manifesting the aims of the Biosphere Reserve and Agenda 21.     

上海市郊节假日大气颗粒物中碳和离子的粒径分布

由于人类节日活动,节日大气污染与平时相比有独特性,了解其污染特征对指导人类生活有重要意义。用Staplex公司分粒径的大流量采样器采集上海嘉定区2009—2010年节日(春节、劳动节、中秋节、国庆节)及相应临近非节日(以下简称非节日)的大气颗粒物样品,分析了颗粒物中主要化学组分的节日特征。在所研究的4个节日中,春节由于受到大量烟花爆竹燃放的影响,节日效应最为严重,且其影响主要在细粒径段(3.00μm)。春节细粒径段颗粒物质量浓度、有机碳和元素碳质量浓度分别为99.2、30.2、9.5μg/m3,与非节日的比值分别为1.5、2.6、3.4;而影响最严重的离子是K+和Mg2+,其与非节日的比值分别为29.0和23.7。总体而言,春节颗粒物浓度最高和化学组分污染最严重,其次是劳动节、国庆节、中秋节。