火灾高温下CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁温度场分析

综合国外CFRP加固混凝土结构抗火试验相关研究,总结了CFRP的高温热工性能参数。用ANSYS软件对火灾高温下不同情况(无防火保护层和有防火保护层)和不同工况(防火涂料涂抹形式)下CFRP加固后的钢筋混凝土梁进行了温度场数值模拟研究。结果表明,防火涂料厚40 mm时,梁耐火极限可达2.5小时以上,且底面和两侧面全面涂抹防火涂料的防火效果最好。本文研究有助于进一步深入认识CFRP加固钢筋混凝土结构在高温下的力学性能和耐火极限,且对CFRP加固后的结构防火设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variations in Methyl Mercury Concentrations in Zooplankton from Boreal Lakes Impacted by Deforestation or Natural Forest Fires

We compared the effects of natural and anthropogenic watershed disturbances on methyl mercury (MeHg) concentration in bulk zooplankton from boreal Shield lakes. MeHg in zooplankton was monitored for three years in nine lakes impacted by deforestation, in nine lakes impacted by wildfire, and in twenty lakes with undisturbed catchments. Lakes were sampled during spring, mid- and late summer. MeHg in zooplankton showed a seasonal trend: concentrations were the lowest in spring, then peaked in mid-summer and decreased in late summer. Over the three study years, MeHg concentrations observed in mid-summer in zooplankton from forest harvested lakes were significantly higher than in reference and fire-impacted lakes, whereas differences between these two groups of lakes were not significant. The pattern of distribution of MeHg in zooplankton during the different seasons paralleled that of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is known as a vector of Hg from watershed soils to lake water. Besides DOC, MeHg in zooplankton also showed a positive significant correlation with epilimnetic temperature and sulfate concentrations. An inter-annual decreasing trend in MeHg was observed in zooplankton from reference and fire-impacted lakes. In forest harvested lakes, however, MeHg concentrations remained higher and nearly constant over three years following the impact. Overall these results indicate that the MeHg pulse observed in zooplankton following deforestation by harvesting is relatively long-lived, and may have repercussions to the accumulation of MeHg along the food chain. Therefore, potential effects of deforestation on the Hg contamination of fish should be taken into account in forest management practices.     

对高层建筑临时高压消防给水系统若干规定的探讨

高层建筑的消防设计审核是消防执法中的重要环节.以规范为指导,根据我国国情和具体工程设计情况,对高层建筑临时高压消防水系统中有关消防水泵房的出水管的布置、高位消防水箱的容积以及增压设施的设置几方面的规定进行了探讨.     

溶解乙炔站爆炸半径估算及防火、防爆措施

介绍了国内溶解乙炔的生产工艺流程,对溶解乙炔站可能引起的火灾、爆炸原因进行了分析,估算生产过程中乙炔的爆炸半径.根据爆炸半径,提出防火、防爆措施,为溶解乙炔站的选址及设计提供技术支持.     

上悬窗条件下通风控制腔室火灾温度的实验研究

随着建筑结构的发展,上悬窗日益成为城市建筑窗户的选择,但这种通风条件下腔室火灾的发展特性仍缺乏研究.利用1:8相似比例的缩尺寸腔室火灾实验台,实验研究了上悬窗不同开口尺寸、不同开窗角度下,通风控制的腔室火灾温度发展特性.实验结果表明,通风控制条件下,腔室火灾温度随着上悬窗开口尺寸和开窗角度的增加而增加,并通过能量平衡分...     

某储罐区火灾多米诺效应场景推演

化工园区中危险源众多,一旦发生事故很容易在整个园区内蔓延和发展.针对化工园区内储罐密集,容易引发连锁反应导致事故扩大的特点,利用FDS软件对储罐火灾场景进行数值模拟,根据储罐所受热辐射确定化工园区内储罐火灾最可能的事故发生序列,并引入基于设备失效前时间的机械设备故障概率模型对罐区内单个储罐的火灾风险进行研究,得到储罐区...     

Great Basin Land Management Planning Using Ecological Modeling

This report describes a land management modeling effort that analyzed potential impacts of proposed actions under an updated Bureau of Land Management Resource Management Plan that will guide management for 20 years on 4.6 million hectares in the Great Basin ecoregion of the United States. State-and-transition models that included vegetation data, fire histories, and many parameters (i.e., rates of succession, fire return intervals, outcomes of management actions, and invasion rates of native and nonnative invasive species) were developed through workshops with scientific experts and range management specialists. Alternative restoration scenarios included continuation of current management, full fire suppression, wildfire use in designated fire use zones, wildfire use in resilient vegetation types only, restoration with a tenfold budget increase, no restoration treatments, and no livestock grazing. Under all the scenarios, cover of vegetation states with native perennial understory declined and was replaced by tree-invaded and weed-dominated states. The greatest differences among alternative management scenarios resulted from the use of fire as a tool to maintain native understory. Among restoration scenarios, only the scenario assuming a tenfold budget increase had a more desirable outcome than the current management scenario. Removal of livestock alone had little effect on vegetation resilience. Rather, active restoration was required. The predictive power of the model was limited by current understanding of Great Basin vegetation dynamics and data needs including statistically valid monitoring of restoration treatments, invasiveness and invasibility, and fire histories. The authors suggest that such computer models can be useful tools for systematic analysis of potential impacts in land use planning. However, for a modeling effort to be productive, the management situation must be conducive to open communication among land management agencies and partner entities, including nonprofit organizations.     

活塞风影响下地铁火灾烟气运动规律的数值模拟研究

地铁车站及地铁列车为人流密集的公众聚集场所,一旦发生火灾事故伤亡损失往往非常惨重,因此深入开展地铁火灾安全的研究有助于地铁安全管理工作。在合理分析地铁站台和列车火灾荷载的基础上,采用数值模拟方法对活塞风情况下地铁区间隧道火灾问题进行了模拟计算和分析,研究了在活塞风影响下的烟气蔓延规律和温度分布情况,其结果有助于提高地铁车站的运营的安全管理和发生火灾后的疏散指挥能力。     

横通道通风对隧道火灾烟气蔓延影响的数值模拟研究

为探究隧道横通道通风对隧道火灾烟气蔓延的影响规律,使用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS,对不同火源位置的横通道临界风速、主隧道温度分布以及烟气层高度进行研究。研究结果表明：在一定火源功率范围内,隧道横通道临界风速与火源功率的1/3次方成正比且火源距横通道越远,临界风速越小;当火源位于交叉口,横通道使用临界风速通风时,隧道内烟气温度明显降低,烟气迅速沉降到2 m以下;当火源距离交叉口10,20 m,横通道通风会加快火源下游烟气沉降,烟气沉降速度随横通道通风速率的增大而增大;当火源位于交叉口时,烟气沉降由横通道通风对烟气的降温作用和涡旋作用共同主导,当火源位于距离交叉口10,20 m时,烟气沉降主要由涡旋作用主导。     

某建筑结构火灾后的加固处理

对某建筑结构火灾中的受损情况进行了现场调查,并对火灾后的结构性能进行了检测。通过分析检测结果,综合评定了结构的受损情况,针对受损伤较重的结构制定了具体的加固维修方案。采用外包钢板法加固受损梁、柱结构,以现浇楼面板置换受损的空心板,加固后的结构完全能满足使用要求。此经验可为类似的建筑结构加固处理提供参考。