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71.
针对我国耕地现状和目前在耕地保护中存在的问题,本文分析了制约我国耕地保护的各种因素,从政府决策和农户决策两个层面揭示了我国耕地的保护机制,勾画出了耕地保护机制的运行框架,为政府制定有关保护耕地的政策提供了可靠的依据. 相似文献
72.
Derek Armitage 《Environmental management》1995,19(4):469-479
Sustainable environmental planning and management require effective integration of ecological, socioeconomic, and institutional
elements. This paper presents an integrative methodological framework for sustainable environmental planning and management.
The development of this integrative framework is accomplished by combining two complementary analytical approaches—Hufschmidt's
conceptual framework for watershed planning and management and the ABC resource survey method. The combined methodological
framework seeks to delineate and synthesize essential ecological information utilizing an integrative resource survey method.
This method generates classifications of environmental significance and constraint. Areas of environmental significance and
constraint are then linked to appropriate and acceptable resource management actions, implementation tools (e.g., education,
technical assistance), and institutional and organizational arrangements. The integrative methodological framework was developed
for application in the Rio Fortuna watershed in Costa Rica's Arenal Conservation Area. The watershed is characterized by a
variety of land and resource uses, including biologically diverse and ecologically fragile protected areas, small-parcel agriculture,
cattle ranching, and tourism. 相似文献
73.
发展黄姜产业循环经济探讨 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
黄姜产业对产地社会经济意义重大,但其所带来的环境问题也非常严重,如何使该产业持续健康发展,循环经济是其根本出路。本文论述了黄姜产业走循环经济之路的必要性,提出了黄姜产业循环经济的基本框架和实现的保证措施。 相似文献
74.
75.
采用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性氨基化锆基金属有机骨架材料(UiO-66-NH2)制备了UiO-66-NH2/PEI,利用XRD、SEM和FTIR对产物进行了表征,并将其用于吸附水中的U(Ⅵ)。考察了UiO-66-NH2/PEI吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响因素,并研究了吸附动力学和等温线。实验结果表明:UiO-66-NH2/PEI对U(Ⅵ)具有良好的吸附效果,PEI与UiO-66-NH2质量比为30%、溶液pH为6、吸附剂投加量为80 mg/L、吸附时间为120 min、初始U(Ⅵ)质量浓度为10 mg/L时,UiO-66-NH2/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的去除率达98.2%(303 K下);UiO-66-NH2/30%PEI对U(Ⅵ)的吸附在60 min内达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,最大吸附量达452.49 mg/g。 相似文献
76.
77.
This paper explores the nature of the violence that characterises complex humanitarian emergencies and the related implications for modelling livelihoods systems. While noting the importance of livelihoods approaches in complex humanitarian emergencies, it deliberates the limitations of sustainable livelihoods frameworks when applied in environments marked by protracted instability. Adaptations to the model are discussed, with a particular focus on the relationships among violence, assets and liabilities within livelihoods systems. Political economy of violence theories intimate that the assets on which livelihoods systems are constructed in peaceful times may instead become life-and livelihood-threatening liabilities in periods of conflict. Adaptations to livelihood systems in violent settings require that analysts consider violence from policy, institutional and process perspectives. It is suggested that vulnerability should be re-conceptualised as endogenous to livelihoods systems in violent settings. Building on the work of others, a livelihoods model adapted for complex humanitarian emergencies is presented. 相似文献
78.
79.
An oil spill in July 2003 from the tanker Tasman Spirit attracted considerable public and media attention in Pakistan. This paper focuses on the experience of a developing country such as Pakistan in dealing with a major oil spill and its impact on bringing about change in the national regulatory framework. A major outcome has been the ratification of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1992, which came into force in March 2006 in Pakistan. The convention provides a compensation mechanism for victims incurring oil pollution damages from maritime casualties involving oil laden ships. Several additional changes are still required to improve the country's ability to cope with marine oil spills. These include the development of a comprehensive domestic regulatory framework, implementation of an effective contingency plan, and capacity building of all relevant agencies. 相似文献
80.
Ching-Ho Chen Ray-Shyan Wu Wei-Lin Liu Wen-Ray Su Yu-Min Chang 《Environmental management》2009,43(1):166-188
Some countries, including Taiwan, have adopted strategic environmental assessment (SEA) to assess and modify proposed policies,
plans, and programs (PPPs) in the planning phase for pursuing sustainable development. However, there were only some sketchy
steps focusing on policy assessment in the system of Taiwan. This study aims to develop a methodology for SEA in Taiwan to
enhance the effectiveness associated with PPPs. The proposed methodology comprises an SEA procedure involving PPP management
and assessment in various phases, a sustainable assessment framework, and an SEA management system. The SEA procedure is devised
based on the theoretical considerations by systems thinking and the regulative requirements in Taiwan. The positive and negative
impacts on ecology, society, and economy are simultaneously considered in the planning (including policy generation and evaluation),
implementation, and control phases of the procedure. This study used the analytic hierarchy process, Delphi technique, and
systems analysis to develop a sustainable assessment framework. An SEA management system was built based on geographic information
system software to process spatial, attribute, and satellite image data during the assessment procedure. The proposed methodology
was applied in the SEA of golf course installation policy in 2001 as a case study, which was the first SEA in Taiwan. Most
of the 82 existing golf courses in 2001 were installed on slope lands and caused a serious ecological impact. Assessment results
indicated that 15 future golf courses installed on marginal lands (including buffer zones, remedied lands, and wastelands)
were acceptable because the comprehensive environmental (ecological, social, and economic) assessment value was better based
on environmental characteristics and management regulations of Taiwan. The SEA procedure in the planning phase for this policy
was completed but the implementation phase of this policy was not begun because the related legislation procedure could not
be arranged due to a few senators’ resistance. A self-review of the control phase was carried out in 2006 using this methodology.
Installation permits for 12 courses on slope lands were terminated after 2001 and then 27 future courses could be installed
on marginal lands. The assessment value of this policy using the data on ecological, social, and economic conditions from
2006 was higher than that using the data from 2001. The analytical results illustrate that the proposed methodology can be
used to effectively and efficiently assist the related authorities for SEA. 相似文献