生物裂解效应对污泥脱水减量的作用研究

从市政污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选培养出噬菌型细菌,并通过噬菌型细菌的富集与投加,探讨其对市政污泥生物裂解预处理的有效性及其所受环境影响因素与作用规律.研究结果显示,市政污泥中存在具有污泥裂解作用的广谱性噬菌型细菌,宿主菌的投加量可影响噬菌型细菌的富集浓度,但培养基营养物组成浓度对噬菌型细菌的生长增殖无明显影响.当筛选出的噬菌型细菌以10⁶ pfu/mL（污泥）与中性市政污泥在室温下共存培养24h即可有效裂解污泥细胞,污泥比阻与污泥体积较未投加任何菌剂的参照污泥降低了36%和15%.并可导致胞内营养物的释放,污泥液相中总氮与总磷浓度较参照污泥分别上升了245%和242%,溶解性COD与总COD比值（SCOD/TCOD）则提高了195%,但生物裂解作用效果并不与裂解时间始终保持正相关性,最佳污泥生物裂解时间为24h.     

街道峡谷对称性对污染物扩散的影响

采用数值模拟的方法,研究了行列式和错列式街谷两侧建筑物的对称性对街谷内和下游建筑尾流区污染物浓度的影响,并引入3个用于评价室内空气环境的指标来描述街谷中人员区域内的空气质量.结果表明,平均残留时间(ART)和有效通风率(PFR)可用于评价不对称街谷内的空气质量.街谷的不对称性对街谷内部和下游建筑尾流区污染物浓度分布均有明显影响.下游建筑越低,则尾流区的浓度越高.行列式和错列式街谷中人员活动空间的无量纲平均浓度分别在建筑高度比例为7/3和7/2时最大.为在城市规划中尽可能避免出现最不利比例的街谷,根据平均残留时间和有效通风率等指标,给出了上下游建筑高度比与最不利街谷改善率的关系.     

HCPA-UF-MBR组合工艺处理低温高色高氨氮水源水研究

将高浓度纯化凹凸棒土(HCPA)投加至UF-MBR中,形成HCPA-UF-MBR组合工艺,研究HCPA-UF-MBR、UF-MBR两平行系统对低温高色高氨氮水源水的除污效果、反应器内活性污泥性能及膜污染情况,考察HCPA的作用机理与效能.结果表明,HCPA-UF-MBR对色度、CODMn、NH -N、TN的平均去除率为94.60%、81.61%、98.44%、58.30%,出水NO -N、NO -N浓度均较低;HCPA投加后,UF-MBR的除污效果与抗冲击负荷能力增强,污泥总活性与硝化活性分别提高了9.09%、105.88%,反应器达到稳定时间短且波动小,内部活性污泥硝化反硝化过程更充分;此外,HCPA吸附混合液中部分有机物,改善了污泥混合液性能,使膜表面滤饼层较疏松且透水性较好,有效地减轻了膜污染程度.     

电增强零价铁强化厌氧氨氧化处理高氮养猪废水

为解决ZVI(零价铁)电极表面的钝化问题,实现anammox(厌氧氨氧化)工艺稳定、高效地运行,采用EEZVI-UASB(电增强零价铁-升流式厌氧污泥床)技术处理养猪废水,研究了EEZVI电极电压、ρ(COD_Cr)及脱氮贡献率的相关性. 结果表明,在温度为(35±1)℃、pH为6.80～7.10、电极电压为0.60 V的条件下,EEZVI-UASB对NH₄+-N和NO₂--N的去除率均维持在较高的水平;NH₄+-N去除率＞90.00%,NO₂--N去除率＞96.00%,TN平均去除率>90.00%. 当EEZVI电极电压为0.60 V时,AAOB(厌氧氨氧化菌)的活性为91.10 mg/(g·d)(以NH₄+-N计);EEZVI-UASB中的优势功能菌主要为Pseudomonas属,其菌属16S rDNA的PCR扩增相似性达97%;系统中同时存在着反硝化、anammox、甲烷化等反应;其中anammox占主导作用,其对TN去除率的贡献率为54.10%~93.30%,反硝化及其他反应对TN去除率的贡献率为6.70%~45.90%.      

基于热风险理论对道化学评价中物质系数的研究

随着本质安全研究的深入,道化学评价方法中物质系数MF的计算已不能准确描述反应物本身的热风险大小。在道化学评价方法中引入热风险概念,比较热危险性评价方法和道化学评价方法间相异点;以六甲基磷酰三胺工艺为研究对象,用DSC量热仪对反应物进行分析得出放热速率q、反应波峰峰值、单位质量的反应焓Hr,对采集的工艺参数用热力学理论外推法、基因贡献法得出活化能E、比热容CP并以此求出最大反应失效时间TMRad、绝热温升Qad、物质系数MF值以及工艺单元中物料量。得出最大反应失效时间与物质系数MF间具有相关性,道化学评价方法对因失效反应引发二次反应的热风险评估也适用。     

概率统计在矿井通风系统可靠性评估中的应用

构建一个随机非稳定地下矿山通风系统,此通风系统有三个机组,机组的随机运行状态构成了一个完整的“系统的概率结构”。对此通风系统的运行状态进行概率统计分析,探讨了该随机系统的特征。由此推导出了通风系统故障的平均时间是一个显式的概率表达式。同时,假设系统失效时间和更换时间符合指数分布的情况下,得出计算系统故障平均时间的一个五阶多项式公式。通过验证,证明了系统故障平均时间的大小依赖于系统维修和更换的比率,而且是检验系统可靠性的重要指标,有利于提高矿山安全水平。     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池深度处理垃圾焚烧渗滤液可行性研究

研究了臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)代替纳滤和反渗透深度处理垃圾焚烧渗滤液达标排放的技术可行性.半间歇臭氧氧化试验表明,实验用水的可生化性随着氧化时间的增加而增加,色度及UV254, 15min内去除率分别达91%和64%;氧化时间为45min时COD去除率59%, 45min后COD去除较慢, 120min时去除率77%.确定臭氧氧化时间为1h,在同样臭氧浓度与流量下进行了臭氧-BAF处理垃圾焚烧渗滤液的连续实验.结果发现,此工艺对COD、色度和UV254的去除率分别可达75%,95%和90%,其中2/3运行时间里COD低于排放标准100 mg/L.其中出水色度可稳定保持在40度以下达标排放.经过进一步优化,臭氧-BAF有望用于垃圾焚烧渗滤液的达标处理.GC-MS检测表明烷烃,芳香族化合物及含氮杂环化合物是试验用水的主要污染物,臭氧-BAF能够有效去除后两类化合物,但难以去除烷烃.     

Family–work conflict and job performance: A diary study of boundary conditions and mechanisms

In this study, we used a within‐person daily research paradigm to examine the relationship between daily family–work conflict (FWC) and daily job performance. On the basis of theory on dynamic behavior, we hypothesized that concentration serves as a mechanism through which daily FWC impairs daily job performance. We further predicted that psychological detachment from work during time‐off (i.e., mentally switching off) buffers the negative relationship between daily FWC and daily job performance. Ninety‐five employees completed daily surveys over one workweek. Multilevel modeling results showed that daily FWC was negatively associated with daily job performance and that concentration mediated this relationship. Furthermore, general psychological detachment, but not daily psychological detachment, buffered the negative relationship between daily FWC and daily job performance. The current findings suggest that daily FWC has negative performance implications and that the general level rather than the daily level of psychological detachment from work helps alleviate the negative implications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

API Standard 521 new alternative method to evaluate fire relief for pressure relief device sizing and depressuring system design

Since the 1950's, API Standards have provided guidance on determining relief loads for equipment exposed to pool fires. The API method is empirical based on tests performed in the 1940's. There is increasingly widespread interest in analytical methods based on heat transfer principles to model fire heat input. The API committee agreed to include an analytical method in the 6th edition of API Standard 521 to establish relief loads for pressure relief devices and to design depressuring systems for the fire scenario. The analytical method provides more flexibility than the empirical method but has limitations (e.g., too many permutations are possible leading to potential under-sizing of the pressure relief device).This paper discusses the basis for the empirical method in API Standard 521 and provides comparisons of the empirical and analytical method with two more recent large-scale pool fire tests. This pool fire test data indicates that the empirical method will provide a conservative estimate of pool fire heat input for most applications and is still the method of choice when designing pressure relief systems. However, these recent tests indicate the empirical method needs to be modified when a vessel or equipment is partially confined by adjacent embankments or walls equal or greater than the vessel height. In such cases, the wetted area exponent should be 1.0 instead of 0.82.The analytical method is useful in determining time-versus-temperature profiles for heating unwetted vessels of varying wall thicknesses and materials of construction. These profiles, which depend upon the type of fire (e.g., unconfined pool fire, jet fire, etc.), can be combined with tensile strength and stress-rupture data to specify a depressuring system's pressure-versus-time profile. This will minimize failure and/or mitigate the effects of failure due to overheating from fire exposure.     

电子废物管理体系研究

分析了欧盟、日本、美国等国家的电子废物管理体系主要特点,并介绍我国电子废物管理现状和主要措施,在此基础上归纳总结了当前电子废物管理存在的主要问题并提出相关建议。