基于NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光的长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放空间分异研究

从县域尺度开展土地利用碳排放空间分异研究,对指导区域实现碳达峰及碳中和目标具有重要意义.基于2013—2019年NPP-VIIRS夜间灯光数据测算长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放,并运用探索性空间数据分析和地理探测器,对长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放空间分异特征及影响因素进行分析.结果显示：①2013—2019年,长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放差异较为显著,基本上在波动中呈递减趋势,空间上呈现自中部地区向四周地区渐弱的态势;②2013—2019年,研究区土地利用碳排放Moran''s I值呈"上升下降再上升"的趋势,由2013年的0.275841最终减少为2019年的0.270621,空间集聚特征较为显著,总体呈正相关;局部空间自相关均未出现高低、低低集聚型区域,且高高集聚型区域固定为湘潭市市辖区;③综合4年指标探测结果来看,长株潭地区县域土地利用碳排放影响因素的解释力q值为0.200~0.868.其中,单位能源消耗碳排放、第一产业产值比重、人均土地面积、土地利用程度指数、城镇化率在研究期间出现频率较高且出现时的q值均大于0.50,且任意两个影响因素交互作用后影响力表现为双因子增强和非线性增强.     

管理者的威权领导风格对矿工安全行为的影响研究

矿工安全行为是煤矿安全生产的基础保障,而管理者的领导风格对矿工安全行为有重要影响。引入调节焦点理论和认同理论,构建威权领导风格对安全行为影响关系的理论模型。以544份调查问卷的数据对理论模型进行检验,结果发现:威权领导风格是影响矿工安全行为的重要情境因素;威权领导风格会通过矿工对管理者认同而正向影响安全行为,矿工对管理者认同在二者间具有中介作用;管理者-矿工间的调节焦点适配在矿工对管理者认同和安全行为之间有调节效应,而且调节焦点的高适配度会强化矿工对管理者认同的中介效果。研究丰富了领导风格与矿工安全行为的作用机制和边界条件,对煤矿安全管理实践有一定的启示意义。     

含固率和接种比对林可霉素菌渣厌氧消化的影响

通过林可霉素菌渣的中温厌氧消化摇瓶实验,比较不同的含固率(3%、5%、8%、10%)和接种比(0.5、1、2、3)对菌渣产甲烷能力的影响,以确定菌渣厌氧消化的最优工艺条件.结果表明,在研究参数范围内,含固率越低,接种比越高,越有利于甲烷的产生;经过10d的培养,在含固率为3%、接种比为3时的工况中,菌渣的挥发性固体(VS)累计净产甲烷量最高,为106 mL/g;而含固率>5%、接种比2的液态发酵工艺,此条件既能保证厌氧消化不受消化产物(胺和挥发性有机酸)积累的抑制,也可以缓冲菌渣中残留林可霉素对消化微生物可能产生的抑制效应.     

预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺处理再生纸废水

介绍了预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺在再生纸废水处理工程中的应用。运行结果表明:该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,进水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)分别为1542,654,2254mg/L时,出水分别为77,38,22mg/L,系统出水水质达GB3544-2001《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》。     

卤代脂肪烃鱼类急性毒性QSAR模型研究

采用量子化学方法对27个卤代烃化合物进行结构优化和频率分析计算,提取其组成、拓扑、几何、静电和量子化学等结构参数描述符,运用启发式方法筛选最佳的结构参数,并建立黑头呆鱼急性毒性线性回归模型和非线性的支持向量机回归模型.模型方程表明卤代烃化合物导致黑头呆鱼的急性毒性可以应用KH1、IC0、EHOMO-LUMO三个参数解释,几何形状,疏水性能和反应活性是影响鱼类急性毒性的主要因素.两个模型均具有较强的模型稳定性、预测性和可信性,可用于准确预测卤代烃在鱼体内的急性毒性.     

典型城区与郊区环境两种灌木生理生化特性比较

选取北京城区与郊区典型样点,针对栽植多年的大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus）和小叶黄杨（Buxus sinica subsp.sinica var.parvifolia）成龄植株,分别于春、夏、秋3季取样测定叶片的各项生理生化指标,研究了城区与郊区环境下2种灌木的生理生化特性的差异。结果表明：生长前期（春季）城区车公庄2种灌木的叶绿素总量高于郊区植物园,经过一段时期之后低于植物园（夏秋）。Chlb的城郊变化幅度大于Chla。Chla的变化趋势与Chlb相反造成了Chla/b的大幅度变化。大叶黄杨的叶绿素总量和Chla/b比小叶黄杨受城区环境影响更大。城区环境下2种灌木自由水/束缚水降低,脯氨酸质量分数、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度升高,说明城区环境下2种灌木生理代谢水平降低,膜脂过氧化。城区环境下大叶黄杨的自由水/束缚水、脯氨酸质量分数的变化率较小叶黄杨高,2种灌木丙二醛的变化率相近。综合来看,城区环境下大叶黄杨的生理生化反应比小叶黄杨更敏感。     

稻草还田方式对双季稻田耕层土壤有机碳积累的影响

选择南方典型双季稻田,研究不同的稻草还田方式对土壤不同层次有机碳的积累、表土碳密度、C/N比值及水稻产量的影响。结果表明,不同的稻草还田和耕作处理对水稻产量无显著影响;不同稻草还田处理的土壤有机碳和C/N均随土层加深而减小;3个稻草还田处理0-5 cm土层土壤有机碳质量分数显著高于不还田对照,其中,以高桩免耕处理最高,比无草翻耕处理提高13.8%（P〈0.01）;5-10 cm土层表现为高桩翻耕处理显著高于其他处理,增加幅度为1.39-1.66 g kg-1;10-15 cm为翻耕处理（包括稻草不还田和还田）显著高于各免耕处理;稻草翻耕处理（0-15 cm）的耕层有机碳密度显著高于其他处理。因此,南方双季稻田采取稻草翻耕还田方式有利于增加土壤有机碳汇。     

The Influence of Anchor Devices on the Performance of Retractable Type Fall Arresters Protecting Against Falls From a Height

Retractable type fall arresters are part of the equipment used for protecting people against falls from a height. They are an intermediate part between full body harness worn by a man and the structural anchor at the worksite. The most important task of retractable type fall arresters is to arrest people’s falls and to reduce their harmful consequences. Information received from users as well as laboratories testing protective equipment indicates that the performance of such equipment is incorrect under specific conditions. The paper is concerned with an analysis of the conditions in which retractable type fall arresters demonstrate intermittent performance and with an explanation of that phenomenon. The results of tests investigating anchor devices and the performance of retractable type fall arresters are presented. External and internal factors contributing to intermittent performance have been determined and guidelines for safer use of these devices have been developed.     

Working Life Across Cultures: “Work Life 2000: Quality in Work” and Occupational Health Education in Developing Countries

The article reflects on the changing world of work, and the challenges presented to both occupational health and occupational health education. We draw on the 63 preparatory workshops and the international conference in the “Work Life 2000: Quality in Work” program, an initiative of the Swedish Presidency of the European Union. The International Commission on Occupational Health is introduced, with particular concentration on a current practical project initiated by the Department of Health in South Africa, intended to lead to a set of projects, networking for occupational health education in developing countries. The practical initiatives cast light on a new set of issues that arise when occupational health and safety crosses cultural barriers, and previously separate comparative cases are linked.     

How do leadership motives affect informal and formal leadership emergence?

To what extent and in what ways do leadership motives of potential leaders predict their informal and formal leadership assignments? To address these questions, we conducted two studies in a military setting. In the first study (n = 215), we examined a mediated‐moderation model in which we hypothesized that the motivation to lead (MTL) of candidates to an elite unit would predict their teamwork behaviors and their tendency to emerge as leaders of their peers. We further hypothesized that cognitive ability would interact with MTL to predict teamwork behaviors and that teamwork behaviors would mediate the relationship between this interaction and leadership emergence. In Study 2, we followed up 60 candidates who were selected to the unit and examined whether MTL would predict the extent to which they achieved formal leadership roles. The findings of Study 1 supported the hypotheses included in the moderated mediation model. In Study 2, as expected, MTL predicted formal leadership emergence. We discuss several theoretical implications of these findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.