A Derivation of the Marginal Abatement Cost Curve

The relationship between a firm's technology and its marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve is explored. Even under the simplest specifications, the MAC curve will be kinked at some point except under a special assumption which, in reality, could easily be violated. The nondifferentiability implies that the choice of instrument under uncertainty may depend on the targeted level of emissions reduction. Also, stability conditions for dynamic tax mechanisms may be violated in the neighborhood of the kink point. A policy implication is that in some cases output restrictions are as efficient as emissions restrictions, in contrast to previous results.     

Study on the Dynamic Relationship Between Economic Growth and China Energy Based on Cointegration Analysis and Impulse Response Function

In recent years, China's economy has been growing rapidly and caused a dramatic increase to energy demand. To investigate the dynamic relationship between economic growth and China energy, a cointegration analysis and an error-correction model are used in this study to examine the long-term equilibrium relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and energy production (EP) and energy consumption over the period 1980 to 2005. The results indicate that the two variables are cointegrated, but specifically, the growth of GDP forcefully drives energy to increase while energy has a little effect on GDP. Furthermore, the impulse response function is used to trace the dynamic response paths of shocks to the system. As a result of recent energy-saving policy, EP and consumption present a sinusoidal growth with a lag length of 2-3 years. The policy implication of this finding is that through the measures of controlling economic growing speed and conducting energy-saving policy continuously, the target of reducing energy intensity for 20% is not difficult to achieve.     

充分发挥政府职能部门作用共同做好防震减灾工作

共同做好防震减灾工作,政府各职能部门要各司其职,各负其责仅靠领导重视及部门之间的密切配合还不够,必须用相应的制度做保证。还要通过不断的加强宣传,在各级领导的思想中树立起“经济建设与防震减灾工作同等重要”的观念。     

大气污染对女性成人肺通气功能影响的研究

对重庆市不同大气污染地区女性成人的肺爱气功能和生活环境因素的调查后性发现，大气污染区女性成人的ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ、及Ｖ７５、Ｖ５０等肺功能指标显著低于清洁区；运用逐步回归分析显示，ＳＯ２浓度、年龄、身高及被动吸烟与ＦＶＣ关系密切，典型相关分析提示，肺功能与生活环境因素的相关主要表现为ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ、及Ｖ２５与年龄、ＩＰ浓度和烧煤的相关。     

Air Pollution Estimates in Guadalajara City

A method for estimating the impact of industrial emissions is suggested and applied to the Guadalajara City Metropolitan Area (GCMA). The method is based on solutions to the pollution transport model and its adjoint. Two equivalent direct and adjoint mean pollution concentration estimates are considered for ecologically important zones of the GCMA. The dependence of these estimates on the number, positions and emission rates of industrial plants, as well as on the wind and initial pollution distribution in the GCMA is qualitatively and quantitatively examined. It is shown that the adjoint model solutions serve as the influence functions providing valuable information on the role of each of the industrial plants in polluting different zones within the GCMA. These solutions have been calculated with a balanced and absolutely stable second-order finite-difference scheme based on the splitting method. A method for an optimal allocation of a new industrial plant is considered.     

城市园林植物生态功能及其评价与优化研究进展

城市当前面临着越来越严重的环境问题.园林植物因其碳氧平衡、蒸腾吸热、吸污滞尘、减菌减噪、涵养水源、土壤活化和养分循环、维持生物多样性、景观功能、防灾减灾等生态功能在缓解城市环境压力方面起着至关重要的作用.为了使城市园林植物生态功能最大限度地发挥和城市生态环境得到较大改观,综述了国内外在城市园林植物生态功能及其评价与优化等方面的最新研究成果,分析研究中存在的不足之处.     

SH波入射多个半圆形谷地浅埋圆孔的动力分析

应用辅助函数的思想，通过复变函数和多级坐标的方法给出了SH波入射条件下多个半圆形沉积谷地附近多个浅埋圆形孔洞动力分析问题的解答。求解过程中将整个求解区域划分成两部分来处理：区域Ⅰ为多个半圆形沉积谷地，区域Ⅱ为多个浅埋圆形孔洞附近带多个半圆形凹陷的半无限弹性空间。在区域Ⅰ和Ⅱ中分别构造位移解，并在二个区域的“公共边界”上实施位移、应力的连续条件，建立起求解该问题的无穷代数方程组。最后．给出了分析例题和数值结果．并对其进行了讨论。     

美国安全工程师的专业范围与职责

美国安全工程师协会（ASSE）于1911年10月14日在纽约成立,其前身是联邦伤亡事故调查委员会.ASSE在近百年的发展过程中,为美国政府制定职业安全和健康标准和法律提供了重要的依据,并且积极促进政府活动的开展,对美国职业安全卫生局的机构改革提出良好的建议.1996年ASSE机构重组,重新明确安全工程师的职责范围是保护人们的生命、财产和环境不遭破坏.本文对美国安全工程师协会的发展史、安全工程师的专业范围及职责做了简要介绍.     

关于高校教学档案的特点及其管理

教学档案是高校档案的重要组成部分,反映了高校最基本的职能活动。本文论述了高 等学校教学档案的特点、作用及其在档案管理工作中应采取的对策。     

Renewable Resources and the Idea of Nature – What Has Biotechnology Got to Do With It?

The notion that the idea of nature isnot quite the unbiased rule to designsustainable futures is obvious. But,nevertheless, questions about nature, how itfunctions and what it might aim at, is leadingthe controversial debates about bothsustainability and biotechnology. These tworesearch areas hardly have the same theorybackground. Whereas in the first concept, theidea of eternal cyclical processes is basic,the latter focuses on optimization. However,both concepts can work together, but only undera narrow range of public acceptance in Europe.The plausibility of arguments for usingbiotechnology within sustainable technologiesvaries according to the assumed part natureitself plays for reaching optimized states. Theculture related vision of nature's functionshas impact on agricultural biotechnology,dealing not only with food crops but also withnon-food plants like renewable resources thatare used for energy or fiber production. Theseplants are grown to reach sustainabledevelopment. However, there is a fundamentaldifference between regarding biofuels as``renewable' and ``regenerative,' due to thetension between the concepts of ``the natural'and ``the sustainable.' Arguments ofoptimization, efficiency, and efficacy arecritically discussed in order to take thepresent need for sustainable technologies forserious.