Diversity–stability relationships revisited: scaling rules for biological communities near equilibrium

The debate on diversity–stability relationships has a long history of theoretical interest and plays a central role in development of modern ecology. But such debate has recently re-opened under critical scrutiny both in theoretical and empirical studies. In this paper we use allometric (or energetic) scaling and statistical physics approaches to this problem. On the basis of local Damuth symmetry, a Markov model of transfer of energy between different species, and the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, scaling rules of species number and population variability of biological communities near equilibrium are derived. These scaling rules indicate that the diversity–stability relationship may be an energetic and thermodynamic consequence of ecological systems near equilibrium, not a simple statistical consequence as derived by other recent theoretical work.     

基于电生理信息的两种桑科植物叶片细胞代谢能比较

植物的细胞代谢能可以表征植物的生理活性和源库状况,而植物的细胞代谢能可由细胞的生理电容、生理电阻和生理阻抗来表征.本研究以桑科植物构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)和桑树(Morus alba)为例研究了不同夹持力下生理电阻、生理阻抗和生理电容的特征.先依据吉布斯自由能方程和Nernst方程构建模型...     

天津市环境空气铅污染特征及变化趋势研究

详细分析了2001-2010年天津市环境空气中铅污染变化趋势,找出了变化趋势的源排放因素及气象因素,探讨了铅污染水平与PM10、TSP、降尘(灰尘自然沉降量)、大气污染源烟尘排放量的相关性.     

松花江下游底栖动物组成及其环境指示作用

2005—2010年对松花江佳木斯江段3个断面进行大型底栖动物生态调查,共发现大型底栖动物51种,其中水生昆虫33种,软体动物9种,甲壳动物3种,环节动物6种。3个断面均以水生昆虫的种类数为最多,其次为软体动物,两者在各断面的年度监测中均能被观测到,且出现频率较高;环节动物与甲壳动物的种类数较少,且出现频率较低。底栖动物群落特征和水质生物学评价显示,佳木斯江段水质虽呈波动状态,但整体呈不断改善趋势,主要与溶解氧、氨氮以及总磷等指标的不断改善相关。     

基于MODIS数据的洞庭湖水体面积与多站点水位相关关系研究

针对洞庭湖区,以30 m分辨率的环境减灾卫星CCD影像为参考,对比分析了归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）和比值植被指数（RVI）应用于MODIS遥感影像水体面积提取的优缺点。研究发现,选取NDVI并且赋予各月份各自适应的阈值进行水体面积提取,有效避免了采取单一阈值造成的枯水期水体误提以及丰水期水体漏提问题。将提取湖区面积与相应日期水位数据组成水位 面积组,建立湖区面积 水位相关关系。考虑到建立湖区面积与单一水文站点水位间相关关系存在一定空间不合理性,选取逐步多元回归法建立2003~2006年湖区面积与多站点水位间相关关系。结果表明：在高水位和低水位处,洞庭湖面积 水位关系年际间变化不太明显,但在中等水位处（如24~29 m）,湖区面积 水位关系有比较明显的变化,同一水位处湖区面积有逐年减小的趋势。     

安徽省合肥和芜湖市对外经济联系量与地缘经济关系匹配分析

引入克鲁格曼指数、建成区面积、人口素质权重系数等指标修正了以往的引力模型,利用修正的引力模型确定城市的对外经济联系量。运用欧氏距离法确定城市间的地缘经济关系,并分析其形成的原因。对经济联系量与地缘经济关系进行匹配,并对匹配结果进行原因分析,根据不同的匹配情况提出城市未来发展战略。研究结果显示：(1)合肥市的地缘经济关系互补性大于竞争性,而芜湖是竞争性大于互补性;在地缘经济关系的形成过程中,产品资源向外地的流动能力指标对形成城市间竞争性或互补性的贡献较大。(2)合肥、芜湖两市的地缘经济关系和外联经济联系量的匹配结果都不理想,属于强、较强经济联系量与强、较强互补地缘经济关系的理想匹配结果较少;城市间产业结构的差异性和交通的便捷性成为影响匹配结果的一个原因。增强经济联系量、调整地缘经济战略、优化匹配关系是城市的首要任务     

Insights into the structure of urea-like compounds as inhibitors of the juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta: analysis of the binding modes and structure-activity relationships of the inhibitors by docking and CoMFA calculations

Substituted urea compounds are well-known as potent inhibitors of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Docking simulations of 47 derivatives inside JHEH were performed to gain insight into the structural characteristics of these complexes. The obtained orientations show a strong similitude with the observed in the known X-ray crystal structures of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) complexed with dialkylurea inhibitors. In addition, the predicted inhibitor concentration (IC₅₀) of the above-mentioned compounds as JHEH inhibitors were obtained by a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) applied to aligned dataset. The best models included steric and electrostatic fields and had adequate predictive abilities. In addition, these models were used to predict the activity of an external test set of compounds that was not used for building the model. Furthermore, plots of the CoMFA fields allowed conclusions to be drawn for the choice of suitable inhibitors.     

The dualistic approach of FCA: a further insight into Ontario Lake sediments

The investigation of object-by-attribute matrices is very common in statistics and data analysis with the aim of uncovering every possible relationship among objects and/or attributes. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a method, which stems directly from partial order and lattice theory, which provides an efficient tool to symmetrically uncover linkages among objects and attributes whenever a relation stands among the two sets. It provides efficacious graphical representation and computes association rules between attributes, thus helping in the detection of possible synergism or antagonism of attributes. In this paper, FCA potentialities are discussed and described by means of a case study already investigated by other partial order techniques: the case of Lake Ontario sediment samples. Data derive from a ‘test battery’ for a simultaneous analysis of degradation of Lake Ontario samples, which are basically of two typologies: hygienic and toxicity tests. A multi-valued approach is adopted to cope with the ordinal feature of data. Results highlight interesting interaction among hygienic compounds and a synergism between the two toxicity tests.     

对劳务、施工等外委单位安全管理工作的法律思考

分析了企业与外委单位的安全工作关系,明确了依法协调管理的依据和主要工作内容,对依法规避管理风险进行了探讨.