三峡库区消落带干湿交替表层沉积物磷分布特征

通过研究分析经历完整反季节干湿交替周期的三峡库区消落带沉积物中磷的赋存形态及含量变化,揭示了消落带沉积物磷的源/汇转化趋势。结果表明:三峡库区消落带本底土壤、覆水沉积物以及落干沉积物无机形态磷分布均呈现一致规律,即钙磷>闭蓄态磷>铝磷>铁磷>可交换态磷,反映出三峡库区短期反季节干湿交替对无机形态磷分布规律影响不大。消落带反季节干湿交替有利于表层沉积物中活性较高的有机磷、活性磷累积,有利于相对稳定的闭蓄态磷、钙磷释放。     

沙尘暴期间上海市大气颗粒物元素地球化学特征及其物源示踪意义

采集了2009年10月～2010年10月上海市普陀、闵行、青浦这3个区的大气颗粒物(包括沙尘暴期间),并在南通、郑州、西安、北京等沙尘暴输沙沿途城市追踪采集春季大气颗粒物样品,运用XRF及ICP-MS分别测试了样品的主量及稀土元素含量.闵行、普陀、青浦区这3个区的大气颗粒物的化学组成非常相似,表明样品物源相似.将主量元素数据UCC标准化显示,沙尘暴样品主量元素含量较非沙尘暴样品更接近于黄土,可能主要来源于西北内陆地区,部分为局地源物质.北方各城市沙尘暴样品的稀土元素配分模式一致,且与黄土相似,说明沙尘暴样品物质来源与黄土接近,以壳源物质为主,说明非沙尘暴样品与沙尘暴样品和黄土物质来源不同,有非壳源物质的混合.     

三峡库区沉积物中镍污染特征评价

截至2017年10月,三峡库区已连续第8年实现175 m蓄水目标.为了研究三峡库区在175 m运行条件下,基于不同水文情势Ni的时空变化,探求水库调度运行对库区内Ni含量的影响,并建立库区水环境中Ni元素污染评价体系.于2015年12月至2017年6月连续4个水期采集水体表层沉积物共173个,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了沉积物中的Ni含量,发现三峡库区4个水期沉积物中Ni的平均含量均高于长江流域沉积物背景值和土壤背景值;从空间变化看,干流Ni含量从上游至下游呈增加趋势,支流Ni含量高于干流,且下游支流的Ni含量明显高于上、中游;从时间变化看,在175 m运行条件下,Ni含量较为稳定,且有降低的趋势,此外沉积物中Ni含量并未因枯、丰水期的影响而产生明显变化;同时建立了三峡库区Ni的地球化学基线模型,连续4个水期沉积物中Ni的基线值分别为47. 0、44. 2、42. 9和41. 9 mg·kg~(-1),位于中、下游的干、支流Ni含量明显受到人类活动的影响;分别以Ni的全球背景值,长江沉积物背景值和地球化学基线值为参考值进行污染评价对比,采用地积累指数法研究发现,三峡库区水环境除干流沿岸的丰都县和秭归县归州镇附近存在Ni的无至中度污染,其余均不存在污染;采用潜在生态风险评价方法发现Ni含量存在轻微潜在生态危害.采用地球化学基线值为参考比采用全球背景值和长江沉积物背景值得到的评价结果更科学,更能适应不同地域的时空变化.     

Iron-catalyzed oxidation of s(IV) species by oxygen in aqueous solution: Influence of pH on the redox cycling of iron

Redox cycling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) during the catalyzed aqueous S(IV) oxidation by dissolved oxygen in the presence of Fe(II) and/or Fe(III) at an initial pH_i of 4.4, often observed in atmospheric waters, was studied in detail. It has been found that the reaction rate is not considerably affected by the oxidation state of iron at the start of the reaction. An equilibrium between Fe(II) and Fe(III) was established a few minutes after the start of the reaction, regardless of the oxidation state of iron at the beginning of the experiment. The prevailing oxidation state of iron in a particular phase of the reaction depends on the concentration of S(IV) in the reaction solution. It has been found that the formation of polymerized hydroxo Fe(III) species is also included in the mechanism of the Fe-catalyzed oxidation of S(IV). The formation of these species was confirmed by the on-line measurement of Fe(II) and Fe_reac. The results also clearly demonstrate that the pH_i of the solution is a major factor, controlling the concentration of Fe(III) ions, the form of S(IV) species, and consequently the reaction rate of S(IV) oxidation by oxygen.     

NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF PRECIPITATION AND CANOPY THROUGHFALL UNDER CORN,SOYBEANS, AND OATS1

: The effects of corn, soybean, and oat canopies on plant nutrient contents of throughfall precipitation (TFP) were studied to determine if canopies alter the meteoric precipitation (MP) composition. TFP samples collected at 5 cm from corn or soybean rows contained more NH₄, NO₃, soluble PO₄, total PO₄, and soluble K ions than samples collected at 25 and 45 cm distances from the row. Enrichment of MP by the canopies was least at the 45 cm distance. Oat canopies enriched MP more than soybean or corn canopies for most of the ions, probably due to the difference in season of growth. Thus, canopies of these crops alter the nutrient concentration of MP.     

济阳坳陷石炭二叠系烃源岩有机地球化学特征

济阳坳陷石炭二叠系烃源岩主要为煤和暗色泥岩。本文从有机质丰度、有机质类型及成熟度三方面对烃源岩有机地球化学特征做了详细分析。分析结果如下:有机质丰度普遍较高,煤的TOC含量在50%以上,暗色泥岩TOC含量在0 6%～1 5%之间;有机质母质类型较差,属以Ⅲ型干酪根为主的气源岩;整个济阳坳陷的C P地层处于成熟 高成熟阶段,Ro值在0 6%～1%的范围内。分析表明,区内C P煤岩总体上为较好 好的烃源岩,暗色泥岩基本上为中等 较好烃源岩。     

Phosphorus availability in two soils amended with poultry litter

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正确使用构造判别图解和地球化学数据的一些建议

本文在考虑影响构造判别图解因素的基础上 ,提出了一些选择地球化学数据指标进行构造环境判别时应遵循的原则 ,并建议使用模糊ISODATA法进行构造环境的判别     

Does Tephrosia candida as fallow species, hedgerow or mulch improve nutrient cycling and prevent nutrient losses by erosion on slopes in northern Viet Nam?

Agroforestry is considered to be a promising alternative to short-fallow shifting cultivation or other monocropping systems. An on-farm experiment was established in 1996 in northern Viet Nam to examine the contribution of the leguminous bush Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) D.C. as a fallow or hedgerow species and as a mulch producer to improve nutrient cycling and prevent nutrient losses by erosion. The systems tested were upland rice monocropping (Mono), natural fallow (NaFa), fallow of Tephrosia (TepFa), hedgerow intercropping with upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and internal mulching using pruned Tephrosia biomass (TepAl), and upland rice with external mulching using Tephrosia biomass (TepMu). Over two cropping seasons, from April 1996 to April 1998, nutrients recycled and inputs and exports were recorded, as well as changes in C-, N- and P-pools, and in pH in the 0–5 cm topsoil layer.The Tephrosia systems (TepFa, TepAl, TepMu) prevented nutrient losses by erosion effectively. Compared to the NaFa system, the TepFa system accumulated 34% more N in the above-ground plant parts and increased topsoil N by 20%, probably due to N-fixation. There was a trend that the less labile P-pools (NaOH-P) were reallocated into the more labile P-pools (Bicarb-P) in the soil of the TepFa system. Burning released significant amounts of the inorganic P-pools in both the NaFa and TepFa systems and this effect seemed to be more pronounced in the TepFa than in the NaFa. Organic input to crop export ratios for N and P were >1 in the TepAl and TepMu treatments. This was due to a sufficient quantity and quality of the Tephrosia mulching material. However, moderately labile NaOH-extractable organic P seemed to be depleted in the topsoil due to high P uptake in the TepMu treatment. Thus, nutrient cycling and nutrient balances were improved under the Tephrosia systems. But for long-term P sustainability, there is a belief that a combined use of mulching and mineral P fertiliser is needed.     

雪峰古陆西南缘区域地球化学场对成矿的控制作用

研究区内不同时代的地层中 ,元素Au、Ag、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn等具有不同的含量及统计参数特征 ,在区域上构成了 2个大的地球化学场和 1 0个次级场 ,它们控制了不同类型矿床的分布 ,显示了地球化学场与成矿的内在联系