A Comparison of Sediment and Monitoring Data: Implications for Paleomonitoring a Small Lake

Long-term limnological monitoring data (from 1971 to 2001) were compared with sediment core record in Lake Viitna Linajärv (hereafter L. Viitna), a small lake in northern Estonia. The monitoring data show that L. Viitna changed from mesotrophic in the 1970s to eutrophic in the 1990s. The trends of paleodata thatintegrate the changes in the biogeochemical matter cycling in the lake over 2–3 years have clear signals about changes in the state ofthe ecosystem in L. Viitna during the last decades. A gradual increase in organic productivity should reflect a greater oxygen demand in the hypolimnion. As a result the hypolimnion becameseasonally anoxic earlier and its pH level remained low for a longer time. These fundamental changes near the sediment-water interface were recorded in the sediment core. The greatest changes occurred at the beginning of the 1980s (layers at a depthof ca. 20 cm), when the meso(eu?)trophic conditions in L. Viitnastarted to become increasingly more eutrophic. The variations ofpaleorecords in the upper part of the sediment core coincide temporally with changes in the water level of the lake.     

Fluctuations of Climatic Conditions, Elemental Cycling and Forest Growth at the Watershed Scale

The relationships between fluctuations in climatic conditions,forest productivity and elemental cycling were studied from 1994 to 1997 in a headwater catchment of the southern Laurentians dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharumMarsh.) growing on podzolic soils. Annual budgets show that H⁺, K, and NO₃ were retained in the watershed whileCa, Mg and Na were lost. The magnitude of the net annual budget for Ca, Mg and Na was correlated to annual variationsin precipitation with the absolute budget value decreasing during dry years. Stemwood (r² = 0.85) and total tree biomass production (r² = 0.99) were correlated with mean annual temperature but fine roots and leaf litter werenot. During the growing season, the pH of the organic horizons(FH) decreased as the volumetric water content of soildecreased. A positive association was also found between airtemperature and H₂O-soluble (r² = 0.88) and PO₄-extractable (r² = 0.99) SO₄ in the upper B horizon. On a multi-year scale, we suspect that the decreasein the storage of inorganic SO₄ in the soil results from the cumulative effects of annual variations in climatic conditions superimposed on the long-term decrease in SO₄deposition from the atmosphere. These soil changes were reflected by a decline in SO₄, Ca and Mg concentrationsin the stream. The generalisation of the observed short-term patterns to longer time scales must be approached with caution. Yet, our results indicate that the associations between climatic variations and the biogeochemistry of the ecosystem occur at different spatial and temporal scales and integrate abroad range of chemical components and ecosystem compartments. This reflects the inherent complexity of natural systems and offers a vast palette of indicators of the response of terrestrial ecosystems to variations in the intensity of environmental factors such as climatic conditions.     

公路水路交通循环经济评价指标体系构建研究

在对公路水路交通行业循环经济和相应统计的发展现状评估的基础上，分析了数据需求，并首次提出了公路水路交通行业循环经济评价指标体系的构建及其调查方法。     

中国农业植被净初级生产力模拟(I)——模型的建立与灵敏度分析

以业已建成的稻麦作物净初级生产力模型为基本框架,建立了一个具有普适性的中国农业植被净初级生产力模型(CropC-)。CropC-的模拟对象为占我国农作物总播种面积2/3的水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、油菜和大豆。该模型包括2个主要功能模块:光合作用和呼吸作用;土壤-作物系统氮素运移。前者综合考虑了环境因子和氮素的影响,后者包括了作物氮素吸收、土壤氮矿化和化肥氮释放。灵敏度分析表明,在输入参数变化±10%时,CropC-对6个主要输入参数响应的敏感性依次为温度>光合有效辐射>大气CO2浓度>土壤全氮含量>施氮量>降水。模型分析表明,气候变暖将降低作物净初级生产力。     

A LESSON FROM THE MAIN TOXIC DISASTERS IN THE 20th CENTURY

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苏北盆地里下河地区30~15 cal ka BP期间地球化学元素变化特征及古气候意义

应用因子分析法对苏北盆地里下河地区SG剖面中的地化元素和氧化物进行分析,提取出相关古气候信息,重建了苏北盆地里下河地区30~15cal ka BP期间的古气候环境演化序列:30.3~26.0cal ka BP为相对暖湿期;26.0~17.8cal ka BP较为显著的冷干期;17.8~15.0cal ka BP以升温为主,冷暖波动剧烈,整体相对暖湿期;另外,在这些大的气候演变背景条件下,也存在着多次明显的气候波动事件。这一研究结果不仅与国内大量的研究资料相一致,而且与深海氧同位素和北半球太阳辐射等曲线也有着很好的对应,表明苏北地区的气候变化具有全球性特征。     

安溪铁观音茶园垂直剖面土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征

采集了安溪某茶园一条垂直剖面土壤样(深度160 cm,共16个样),用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析测定了其中的稀土元素含量,研究了剖面土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征。结果表明:土壤样品中稀土元素总量范围为165.38~229.91 mg/kg,其平均含量高于中国土壤和世界土壤的平均值;土壤中轻重稀土分馏明显,其稀土元素组成特点表现为轻稀土(LREE)富集,重稀土(HREE)亏损,Eu呈负异常,Ce呈正异常;稀土元素的富集因子平均值的分布范围为0.28~1.34,稀土元素均处于无污染或轻微污染。本研究为了解安溪茶园中稀土含量特征提供了基础数据,为现有茶园的治理和后备茶园基地的合理选址提供了科学依据。     

宁夏长山头富硒区土壤硒地球化学特征研究

本文对宁夏长山头典型富硒区土壤Se含量特征及玉米籽实Se含量影响因素进行了系统研究,发现长山头地区土壤硒背景含量为0.25 mg/kg,主要的富硒土壤类型为新积土,其成土母质为山前洪流携带的碎屑物。进一步的研究表明,土壤中硒含量与p H呈负相关关系,而与有机碳、TFe_2O_3及Mn呈正相关关系。与土壤环境相反,玉米籽实中硒的含量与p H成正相关关系,而与有机碳、TFe_2O_3及Mn呈负相关关系。这说明这些指标对硒在土壤-植物系统中的地球化学行为具有显著影响作用。此外,土壤中全量硒的增加对植物的吸收率并没有显著的促进作用。     

东南沿海珍珠岩矿床及其成因

本区珍珠岩矿床主要产于中生代Ⅲ、Ⅳ旋回初始期和复活期的火山岩中,形成于活动大陆边缘的扩张阶段,是“陆壳改造型”岩浆强烈分异的产物,矿床类型可分为牛台式和白水洋式。珍珠岩具有异常高的δ~(18)O值,它取决于低温时水—岩同位素交换反应。珍珠岩中Cs矿化十分显著。珍珠岩水的结构种及含量是决定膨胀倍的主要因素。     

河北省土壤化学元素的背景值与基准值

地球化学背景值和基准值是了解土壤元素地球化学特征的重要参数,而河北省土壤化学元素背景值和基准值的研究程度尚浅.基于此,收集了河北省2004～2018年间的多目标区域地球化学调查和土地质量地球化学调查数据,覆盖范围约占全省陆域面积的71%.以表层和深层土壤数据为基础,利用科学和稳健的中位值-绝对中位差法,计算了河北全省及11个地级市土壤中54项指标[Ag、Al₂O₃、As、Au、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Br、CaO、Cd、Ce、Cl、Co、Cr、Cu、F、Fe₂O₃、Ga、Ge、Hg、I、K₂O、La、Li、MgO、Mn、Mo、N、Na₂O、Nb、Ni、P、Pb、pH、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Se、SiO₂、Sn、Sr、Th、Ti、Tl、U、V、W、Y、Zn、Zr和总碳(TC)、有机碳(C_org)]的背景值、基准值和它们的变化区间,同时还计算了每个指标的自然背景变化率.结果表明,与全国相比,河北省大多数土壤化学元素的背...