厦门西溪河口沉积物活性磷的分布特征及迁移转化机制

为探索不同河口区域锰、铁和硫地球化学行为对活性磷分布的影响,选择厦门西溪河口,应用薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）采样技术,对沉积物DGT有效态磷（DGT-P）、锰、铁和硫进行原位和高分辨监测.结果表明,在垂向剖面中,DGT-P的分布与铁和硫的氧化还原转化以及沉积物活性磷背景值关系密切,磷的钝化/活化主要受控于铁氧化物对磷的氧化吸附和还原溶解,以及硫酸盐还原和硫化物积累引发的磷活化;沿采样点分布,DGT-P的浓度平均值差异大（0.075~0.80 mg ·L^-1）,与盐度无关,而是与氧化还原条件密切相关,即氧化带越深磷浓度平均值越低;模型模拟结果表明,表层沉积物对孔隙水磷的再补给能力与DGT-P浓度及氧化还原条件相关,即氧化环境不利于沉积物磷的解吸再补给,而还原环境中与铁和硫地球化学的耦合有利于维持高活性磷浓度以及磷的持续释放.     

地质环境与人身健康研究

分析和探讨了岩土矿物、地气、矿泉与人身健康的关系，认为地方疾病的致病物质除一部分直接来自人类生产和生活制品外，主要源于自然界的大气，水土、岩石中的化学元素。指出地方疾病应归属为一种与地质环境（地貌、土地、岩石、地气等）密切相关的特殊类型地质灾害。并提出了改变劣质生态环境、医疗和保护避毒等防治对策。     

Influence of Black Shales on Soils and Edible Plants in the Ankang Area, Shaanxi Province, P. R. of China

The Ankang black shales in P. R. of China provides an important example of natural geological materials containing toxic elements. This paper presents the results of environmental geochemical research on black shales, soils, waters and edible plants in the Ankang area, Shaanxi Province, P. R. of China. The study area lies in the northern margin of the Yangtze Platform; there are black shales which contains black shale, carbonaceous rocks and coal in the Cambrian Donghe Formation throughout the area. Mean trace element concentrations of the coal were high. Soils derived from these rocks tend to reflect their extreme geochemical composition. Chemical analysis of common plant species in the Ankang area showed a heterogeneous distribution of Se, Mo, and V within a single and among plant species. Selenium was more concentrated in radish than in legumes, and in potato more than in green vegetable. High V concentrations were found in two kinds of Chinese tea. Legume had more Mo in the seed than potato, although Mo concentrations in radish vary. Higher concentrations of Se and Mo are present in the leaf of radish.     

沉积物重金属环境地球化学特征研究方法进展

从沉积物重金属环境地球化学特征的角度,结合国内外研究成果,阐述了沉积物重金属环境地球化学特征研究方法研究进展,分析总结了目前的研究方法和成果,提出为全面了解重金属污染物在沉积物中迁移转化规律,需全面对比每一类研究方法.     

苏州地区硬粘土粒度和元素地球化学特征及其环境意义

长江三角洲晚更新世硬质粘土地层对于认识该区域晚更新世环境变化、现代工程建设等均具有重要意义,而其成因尚存较大争议。本文通过对苏州地区葑亭大道钻孔硬粘土地层样品进行粒度与元素地球化学分析,探讨其成因与古环境指示意义。结果表明:(1)苏州地区硬粘土平均粒径为5.2~7.1Φ,以粉砂颗粒为主,中、细粉砂颗粒含量在65%以上,频率曲线呈双峰分布,粒度谱分布为正偏态,分选较差;(2)环境判别显示其为风成堆积物,与南京、镇江下蜀黄土分布特征相似;(3)元素分析显示,硬粘土出现不同程度Na、P元素亏损和Mn、Al元素富集,化学风化作用处于中等风化阶段;(4)硬粘土层的上段和下段在粒度和元素特征上有明显区别,下段粒度明显偏粗,风化程度相对较弱。     

A Geochemical and Biological Basis for Marine Sediment Quality Guidelines

This document describes a basis for the establishment of marine sediment quality guidelines for regulatory applications. It outlines a geochemical basis for identifying potential anomalies in the presence of inorganic contaminants in marine sediments and a biological or ecotoxicological basis for determining concentrations unlikely to result in adverse biological effects. These approaches are discussed in an exploratory fashion. It is intended that both approaches could be combined in a manner that takes account of sedimentary nature and composition as a conceptual and practical approach to the establishment of guidelines for regulatory applications associated with the protection of the marine environment.     

金华典型中药材产地环境地球化学研究

在金华市主要中药材种植区采集耕作层土壤和中药材样品,分析其重金属含量,并从环境地球化学角度分析中药材重金属超标的原因.结果表明,白术（Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae）、玄参（Radix Scrophulariae）和浙贝母（Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii）中Cd超标率分别为64.3％、40.0％和47.2％,白术、玄参和元胡（Rhizoma Corydalis）中Cu超标率分别为35.7％、10.0％和5.9％.从中药材对重金属的选择性吸收、种植区的土壤环境、地形地貌和气候条件等方面研究发现,气候温暖湿润,地形陡峭,岩石在风化成土过程中淋溶作用强烈,从土壤母质、淋溶层到土壤表层pH值逐渐降低,土壤酸化是导致中药材Cd和Cu含量超标的主要原因.     

希瓦氏菌还原作用下黄钾铁矾的相转变特征及其负载铬的迁移转化规律

黄钾铁矾对酸性矿山废水中铬（Cr）等污染物有较好的固定去除作用.微生物活动对黄钾铁矾的稳定性和Cr的迁移转化特性有重要影响.因此,本研究在厌氧条件下,通过批次实验研究了希瓦氏菌MR-1还原溶解负载Cr黄钾铁矾过程中二次矿物的形成和Cr污染物的迁移转化特性.结果表明,希瓦氏菌能够促进黄钾铁矾的还原溶解.Cr负载能够增强黄钾铁矾的稳定性,抑制矿物的溶解转化.在不含Cr实验组,黄钾铁矾相转变产物为蓝铁矿和针铁矿;而在负载Cr实验组,二次矿物仅为蓝铁矿.在希瓦氏菌还原溶解负载Cr黄钾铁矾的过程中,矿物中有少量的Cr溶出,进入水体,随后又被吸附于新形成的二次矿物中.矿物中的Cr由原来的残渣态转化为不定型铁结合态,固相中Cr释放的风险增大.XPS检测结果表明,矿物表面的Cr（Ⅵ）被还原为Cr（Ⅲ）,Cr的毒性降低.研究结果对进一步理解酸性矿山废水中Fe、S和Cr的地球化学循环过程有重要意义.     

美国矿床(山)环境地球化学研究动态及我国对策

矿床的开采所引发的环境问题越来越引起人们的重视,矿床环境地球化学研究成为一个重要研究领域。自20世纪90年代以来,美国在此领域取得了一些重要研究成果,文章对美国在矿床环境地球化学作用、矿床的地球化学背景和基准值、矿山(床)酸性排水和特殊矿床的环境效应等方面的最新研究成果进行总结,旨在为我国开展这方面的工作提供参考资料。作者建议我国应适时启动矿床(山)环境地球化学研究,特别是研究全国地球化学扫面资料在矿床环境方面的应用、流域性矿集区环境地球化学作用及其与生态关系、矿山环境治理(矿山复垦或矿山酸性排水降解)中地球化学作用机理等。     

RESIDENCE TIME OF WATER DISCHARGING FROM THE HANGING GARDENS OF ZION PARK1

ABSTRACT: The Hanging Gardens are a unique feature of Zion National Park. Knowledge of the source and residence time of water discharging from the Hanging Gardens is necessary to help preserve these features. Ground-water chemical and isotopic data distinguish the discharge from seeps and springs into two groups, one of low and one of high conductivity. Water with low conductivity likely originates as recharge near the seeps and springs, and it only interacts with the Navajo Sandstone. High conductivity water, on the other hand, originates as recharge on the tops of plateaus to the east, where it interacts with marine rocks of the Carmel Formation. Carbon dating of these ground waters indicates that the low conductivity water is essentially modern recharge, while the high conductivity water was recharged 1,000 to 4,000 years ago.