土壤侵蚀环境演变与全球变化及防灾减灾的机制

以土壤侵蚀学和环境学的交叉为基础,讨论了土壤侵蚀环境学的内涵、土壤侵蚀环境演变及其调控、全球变化及防灾减灾的机制。为揭示土壤侵蚀的实质及制定土壤侵蚀的防治对策提供了新的思想。     

The vulnerability and resilience of small island developing states in the context of globalization

In spite of the wide diversity in the economic performance of small island developing states (SIDS), the apparent prosperity of several SIDS has entailed a global misrepresentation of the economic situation of these countries. While their vulnerability to natural disasters is not denied, the general risk of economic marginalization that many SIDS face in the context of globalization may not have received sufficient attention. The paper attempts to highlight what matters most in the consideration of the economic vulnerability of SIDS and in the debate to prevent their marginalization. It examines the main types of external shocks to which SIDS are vulnerable, and discusses the economic handicaps that are fundamental causes of this vulnerability. Economic specialization (with the predominance of international trade in services) is then a central notion in the analysis of island vulnerability: a better specialization, which may involve diversification and always implies greater international competitiveness, can reduce the exposure or vulnerability of SIDS to external shocks, and induce greater economic stability in these countries. Hence the importance of developing policies to circumvent the specific handicaps of islands and facilitate the realization of new trading opportunities through an emulative use of globalization forces.     

河北省旱涝灾害历史特征研究

通过分析河北省旱涝灾害的历史状况,得出黉灾呈逐年减轻、时灾呈逐年加重的认识,旱灾是河北省的一种主要自然灾害,探讨了该省旱涝灾害的时空分布规律,在时间上具有季节性、持续性和阶段性,在空间上具有地域性,对增强水患意识,防汛抗旱,今后的防灾抗灾提供了科学依据。     

西藏浪卡子至洛扎公路沿线的地质灾害

西藏浪卡子至洛扎公路是西藏山南地区环线公路的西段，全长120km，集交通、外交、军事于一体。由于公路位于高寒、新构造运动强烈的地区，特殊的地质背景、气候因素和地理环境，为该地区地质灾害的发生孕育了良好的条件。公路沿线的地质灾害主要有泥石流、滑坡、坍岸等，各类地质灾害影响公路总长7248m，其中泥石流42条，滑坡1处，坍岸12处。各类地质灾害对公路的建设和运营构成了极大的危害，针对各类地质灾害发育的特点。结合当地的环境和公路的等级要求，提出了切实有效的治理措施。     

青岛市海况与海洋灾害应急信息管理系统研究

着重考虑了针对青岛地区影响较大的风暴潮、灾害性海浪和赤潮等灾害所构建的应急系统的框架,简要介绍了系统的建设目标、建设内容和实现的功能,并详细阐述了专题数据的内容和来源及数据库的管理和更新机制.     

Extreme weather events and related disasters in the Philippines, 2004–08: a sign of what climate change will mean?

Being an archipelagic nation, the Philippines is susceptible and vulnerable to the ill-effects of weather-related hazards. Extreme weather events, which include tropical cyclones, monsoon rains and dry spells, have triggered hazards (such as floods and landslides) that have turned into disasters. Financial resources that were meant for development and social services have had to be diverted in response, addressing the destruction caused by calamities that beset different regions of the country. Changing climatic patterns and weather-related occurrences over the past five years (2004-08) may serve as an indicator of what climate change will mean for the country. Early recognition of this possibility and the implementation of appropriate action and measures, through disaster risk management, are important if loss of life and property is to be minimised, if not totally eradicated. This is a matter of urgent concern given the geographical location and geological characteristics of the Philippines.     

The humanitarian response costs of climate change

This research attempts to improve understanding of how climate change may affect international humanitarian spending, using existing international databases that track disaster occurrence and humanitarian costs. A range of potential impact scenarios is developed employing four distinct methodological approaches. The findings indicate that climate change will have a significant impact on humanitarian costs and the increase could range from a 32 per cent increase (taking into account only changes in frequency of disasters) to upwards of a 1,600 per cent increase when other criteria, such as intensity, are also taken into account. The paper further highlights that extreme weather events do not occur in isolation and the increasing interconnectedness of world economic and political systems has made disasters more complex and destructive. It makes a number of recommendations, including the need for more rigorous and systematic collection of disaster-related data and more constructive interaction between the humanitarian and climate change communities on future research, planning and action.     

基于ArcGIS的陕西山洪灾害易发程度区划

以ArcGIS为工作平台,利用1：25万数字地形地质图,以小流域为单元,对陕西全省山洪灾害,包括溪河洪水、滑坡和泥石流灾害在陕北风沙高原和黄土高原与陕南秦巴山地二个一级区划的基础上进行灾害易发程度二级区划,分为高易发、中易发和低易发三种级别18个区。     

基于GIS的台风灾害评估系统设计开发

台风是我国东南沿海各省夏秋季中经常遭遇的自然灾害。建立浙江1949年以来的历次台风数据库,并采用ArcGIS作为台风灾害信息及评估系统的平台,进行台风路径的自动生成;相关台风信息的综合查询;雨量等值线以及雨量、风速色块图的绘制与统计;灾害评估模型建立等功能。为灾情的评估和预报,以及为台风灾害的指挥决策提供科学依据。     

三峡库区武隆县地质灾害研究

武隆县是三峡库区地质灾害较为严重的城镇之一,滑坡、危岩、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害分布广,危害程度大,严重地制约着地方经济和社会的可持续发展。在大量野外调查的基础上,分析了该地区地质灾害的主要类型及其分布特征,从地形地貌、岩土体性质、地下水、降雨、人类工程活动等方面总结了地质灾害成灾机理。在此基础上,进一步提出了该地区地质灾害的防治对策和措施,力求有效地预防和减少地质灾害的发生。