羽毛角蛋白海绵膜去除气溶胶简

通过添加一定含量增塑剂和冷冻干燥,将羽毛还原法产生的较少被利用的残渣制备成致密多孔具有一定柔韧性的角蛋白膜,不需预处理和交联剂,得率高。甘油添加量对膜的结构影响进行研究后表明,甘油含量5%时机械性能最佳,断裂强度为6.2 MPa,完整性和柔韧性最好,孔隙率最大,兼顾了较好的透气性和对气溶胶的较高去除率。该膜在18℃ 空气流速1 m/s下对大气气溶胶中PM₁₀去除率98%、PM_2.5去除率 39.28% 、PM_1.0去除率 32.97%,在制备口罩材料上具有一定应用潜力。     

不同乙酸钠/甘油比对好氧/延长闲置SBR除磷性能的影响

以合成废水为研究对象,以甘油和生活污水中常见的乙酸钠作为碳源,建立了5个好氧/延长闲置序批式反应器(乙酸钠/甘油比分别为1∶0、4∶1、1∶1、1∶4和0∶1),考察了各反应器长期运行过程中的除磷效果,并通过分析典型周期内磷及微生物体内各储能物质的变化,初步探究不同乙酸钠/甘油比对除磷性能的影响机理.研究表明,当乙酸钠/甘油比由1∶0逐渐降至4∶1和1∶1时,平均除磷率由90.1%升至92.5%、97.3%.乙酸钠/甘油比继续降至1∶4及0∶1时,系统除磷率降至65.7%、53.4%.当乙酸钠/甘油比为1∶1时,聚磷菌体内合成大量聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHAs)(2.55 mmol·g-1,以每g VSS积累的C(mmol)计,下同),为后续磷的吸收及聚磷合成提供更多的能量,而以甘油作为单一碳源时,PHAs合成量最少(0.82 mmol·g-1),糖原合成量最大(2.56 mmol·g-1,以每g VSS积累的C(mmol)计).     

甘油投加对餐厨垃圾厌氧产酸性能的影响

餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）可以作为合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）的底物,PHA的性能与VFAs的组成密切相关.为改善PHA产品的性能,本文研究了甘油投加对餐厨垃圾产酸性能的影响.在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化半连续流反应器运行稳定的基础上,探讨了不同C/N对厌氧发酵有机物转化及VFAs产量和组成的影响.结果表明,投加甘油会降低发酵体系的pH,提高VFAs的产量,相比于对照组,C/N比为25/1时,VFAs产量提高了10.3%.C/N10.69/1（对照组）、15/1、20/1和25/1时,发酵液奇数碳VFAs所占总VFAs的比例分别为54.23%、61.16%、64.78%和66.79%.甘油的投加可以提升丙酸、戊酸等奇数碳VFAs所占比例,有利于改善PHA产品性能.     

The effect of the initial concentration of glycerol on the hydrogen produced by strains of the genus Clostridium spp.

Hydrogen produced by microorganisms is a topic of growing interest because of its potential for derivation from several agro-industrial by-products. In this study, we evaluated the hydrogen production of strains of genus Clostridium (Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium butyricum) using glycerol as a carbon source. Fermentation studies were conducted using three initial concentrations of glycerol: 10, 30 and 50 g/L. The micro-organism growth kinetics and the amounts of solvents and gases were recorded over 48 h. The strain C. acetobutylicum exhibited the best results in terms of hydrogen production, the highest production yield (Y _p/s) of 0.37 mol H₂/mol glycerol and the highest level of productivity (0.75 mg H₂/(L·h)). Based on these results, it is reasonable to conclude that glycerol could be effectively exploited as a carbon source for hydrogen production, which adds value to this primary by-product of standard biodiesel processes.     

在气升式可逆环流反应器中运用振荡气升操作进行甘油发酵(英文)

在耐高渗酵母Candidakrusei发酵生产甘油的过程中 ,为在基本不增加投资或操作强度的基础上进一步提高甘油的产率 ,本文采用了一种气升式可逆环流反应器 ,空气可以通过反应器底部的中心喷嘴或环隙喷嘴交替地进入反应器内 ,从而形成振荡气升操作 .实验表明 ,与最佳的稳态中心气升操作相比 ,周期性振荡气升操作可以显著提高甘油的产率 ,但对残糖消耗速度无明显影响 .图 2表 1参 8     

Viable chemical recycling of poly(carbonate) as a phosgene equivalent illustrated by the coproduction of bisphenol A and carbohydrate carbonates

Chemical recycling of waste poly(carbonate) (PC) to coproduce bisphenol A (BPA) and carbohydrate carbonates was studied by selecting glycerol (Gly) and glucose (Glu) as model carbohydrates (CHs). In advance of the reaction of PC with CHs, reactions with diphenyl carbonate were examined as a model PC. In dioxane at 100°C using NaOH as catalyst, Gly was converted to cyclic carbonate hydroxymethyldioxolane (HMDO) at 98% and Glu was converted to the dicarbonate (Glu-DC) at 46%, in pyridine, in addition to the production of phenol. Similar treatment of PC with Gly using KOH as a catalyst produced HMDO and BPA at very high yields and treatment with Glu produced Glu-DC and BPA in 38%–42% yields. Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6     

微生物对生物柴油副产物甘油的利用研究进展

许多微生物都可以利用甘油生产有价值的产品,因此微生物转化生物柴油废料中的粗甘油是解决副产物污染及提高经济效益的途径之一.本文综述了微生物转化甘油为1,3-丙二醇、丙酸、二羟基丙酮、丁醇等产品的研究,主要从微生物种类、产品的产量和转化率以及产品提取工艺等方面进行介绍和总结,并对今后如何利用生物柴油废液中的粗甘油为原料进行微生物发酵生产有价值的产品提出了设想.     

铜绿假单胞菌NY3所产表面活性剂对原油降解的影响

铜绿假单胞菌NY3是从石油污染土壤中分离出的一株能快速代谢疏水性化合物的菌种。研究了该菌产表面活性剂及对原油降解的作用。实验表明,在敞开体系中,投加82 mg/L NY3菌产的鼠李糖脂,240 h能使NY3对原油的降解率提高50%。投加甘油使NY3产鼠李糖脂与降解原油同步进行,与投加鼠李糖脂对原油降解的促进作用相近。投加9‰甘油使NY3在168 h对原油的降解率提高43%。NY3菌能同时降解原油中的直链烷烃及菲(Pr)和芘(Ph)等多环芳烃。在敞开体系中用少量甘油使产鼠李糖脂和降解原油同步进行,节约处理费用。研究结果为NY3菌株在露天石油污染环境修复中的应用奠定了基础。     

Alternative low-cost process for large-scale production of Bacillus thuringiensis in a simple and novel culture system

Abstract

An industrial-scale, profitable method for production of the most widely used bioinsecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), is challenging because of its widespread application. The aim of this study is to present a strategy to develop a low-cost, large-scale bioprocess to produce Bt H14.

This study was first focused on the design of a culture medium composed of economical and available components, such as glycerol and lysed Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The production goal of 1200 ITU was achieved using a medium composed of 20:20 g L^?1of glycerol:lysed yeast in batch cultures. Efforts were subsequently focused on the design of an appropriate culture system, and an original two-stage culture system was proposed. First, yeast (the primary component of the culture medium) are cultivated using a minimal mineral medium and lysed, and in the second stage, Bt is cultivated in the same bioreactor using the lysed yeasts as culture medium (supplemented with a feeding pulse of 10 g L^?1 glycerol). This system was called fed batch one pot (FOP). A new inoculation strategy is also presented in this study, since these Bt cultures were inoculated directly with heat pre-treated spores instead of vegetative bacteria to facilitate the bioprocess. This study was developed from the laboratory to production-scale bioreactors (measuring from 500 mL to 2500 L), and the efficiency of the proposed strategy was evident in LD₅₀ tests results, achieving 1796 ITU in large-scale processes. Both the use of non-conventional sources and the process development for biomass production are important for cost-effective production of Bt-based insecticides in mosquito control projects.     

环氧氯丙烷生产废水的资源化处理技术

采用催化湿式过氧化物氧化法（CWPO）处理环氧氯丙烷生产废水,考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应pH、双氧水和FeSO₄#x000b7;7H₂O加入量及投加方式等因素对TOC去除率的影响。实验结果表明：CWPO工艺适宜的反应条件为反应温度90℃,反应pH2.0~3.0,FeSO₄#x000b7;7H₂O₂加入量7.50~8.75g/L,双氧水加入量75mL/L,反应时间100min;双氧水和Fe²⁺分多次投加时的TOC去除效果明显优于一次性投加;优化条件下,环氧氯丙烷废水经CWPO工艺处理后,TOC由1790mg/L降至138mg/L,符合氯碱厂隔膜电解槽进槽盐水的要求,可以资源化利用。