体积溶氧传递系数在好氧颗粒污泥系统中的变化特性初步分析

取成熟的好氧颗粒污泥,在同一测试装置中采用相同的曝气条件进行体积溶氧传递系数(kLa)的测试,当传统活性污泥和成熟好氧颗粒污泥浓度MLSS为2 000、4 000、6 000、8 000 mg·L-1时,其kLa(min-1)值分别为0.586 1±0.009 5、0.586 1±0.027 2、0.555 6±0.016 8、0.533 8±0.026 8和0.645 5±0.027 6、0.632 0±0.075 5、0.618 5±0.062 5、0.640 6±0.055 5,表明颗粒污泥kLa值高于同浓度条件下的絮体污泥,且随浓度增加,絮体污泥氧传递效率下降而颗粒污泥无明显变化.对好氧颗粒污泥进行筛分后,大颗粒和小颗粒在污泥浓度相同、体积相同、表面积相同以及个数相同的情况下二者的kLa值均无明显差别,由此可以推断,这些因素对好氧颗粒污泥kLa的影响可以忽略.研究结果对于污水处理厂节能运行具有一定的参考价值.     

生活污水与人工配水对好氧颗粒污泥系统的影响

在R1、R2两组序批式活性污泥反应器（SBR）中接种污水处理厂回流污泥,分别以人工配水和实际生活污水为进水,研究常温下（20~30℃）进水水质对好氧颗粒污泥工艺的启动以及温度变化对系统稳定运行的影响.结果表明,R1、R2分别历时25 d、42 d启动成功,颗粒污泥稳定后,其平均粒径分别达到1200 μm、750 μm,R1、R2内出水COD、TP、TN的平均浓度分别为22.53、0.48、7.70 mg·L^-1和49.73、0.49、14.55 mg·L^-1,去除率分别为90.60%、90.34%、87.85%和79.74%、88.59%、79.25%.当温度降低至5~16℃时,R1内颗粒污泥出现解体现象,COD及TP去除能力基本不变,出水TN平均浓度升高为29.03 mg·L^-1,平均去除率降低至48.81%,脱氮性能受到抑制;R2内颗粒污泥运行稳定,出水COD、TP和TN平均浓度分别为14.31、0.50和12.24 mg·L^-1,平均去除率分别为92.42%、93.37%、86.28%,出水满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准.采用人工配水和生活污水均能成功培养出好氧颗粒污泥,生活污水培养成熟的好氧颗粒污泥结构更密实,当温度降低至5~16℃时,能够有效抑制丝状菌的膨胀,抗冲击负荷能力强.     

采油废水生物法处理出水活性炭吸附试验研究

采用颗粒活性炭(GAC)对经胜利油田乐安联合处理站"隔油-混凝-过滤"和水解酸化-好氧生物工艺处理后的采油废水进行吸附研究,考察了GAC对生物处理出水COD(70～80mg/L)的去除效果。结果表明:温度35℃,时间为2h时,GAC静态吸附生物处理出水(pH8.0～9.0),内COD的去除率可达50%。动态吸附操作的过水流速为1～5m/h、接触时间19.2～96min时,吸附处理出水COD低于60mg/L,可以达到标排放要求。当体积速度小于2.0m3/(m·3h)时,过水流速变化对实际处理水量和单位炭吸附COD量影响不大,可作为吸附塔工程设计的参数。GC/MS分析结果表明,GAC对生物处理出水中的卤代烃、杂环化合物及羧酸衍生物去除效果较好,卤代烃主要污染物的去除率可达80%以上,出水中的主要有机成份为大分子有机酸。由有机概念图判断,被吸附的主要物质为憎水的非极性有机物。     

厌氧颗粒污泥对有机污染物的初期吸附机制

为研究厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物的初期吸附机制,在实验室条件下,采用静态、序批的方法考察了活的和灭活的厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物COD的初期吸附率之差异,推算了吸附过程中热力学参数值,并对厌氧颗粒污泥初期吸附有机污染物前后的红外光谱进行了比对分析,结果表明,厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机污染物的初期吸附是一个复杂的综合过程,初期吸附作用主要表现为物理吸附,占总吸附去除COD的70%多,其次为生物吸附,大约在总吸附去除COD的20%～35%之间。红外光谱分析表明,厌氧颗粒污泥表面上的一些功能基团参与了对有机污染物的吸附作用,这些基团包括-OH、-CH2、-CH3、P-H、C=O、C-N及S=O。     

Study of 4-t-octylphenol degradation and microbial community in granular sludge

In this study, the authors have investigated the effects of various factors on both aerobic and anaerobic degradation of 4-t-octylphenol （4-t-OP） in granular sludge. In comparison, the aerobic degradation rate was much higher than that of anaerobic degradation. The optimal pH values for 4-t-OP degradation in granular sludge were 9 and 7 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. And the degradation rate decreased with an increase in the initial 4-t-OP concentration. Addition of yeast extract or homologous compounds such as phenol also enhanced the 4-t-OP degradation, especially under the aerobic condition. To investigate the bacterial community in this study, the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） method was applied, based on the primers, for the 16S rDNA V3 region of bacteria, γ-proteobacteria and bacillus were identified as the major species of sludge.     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill e uent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product–palm oil mill e uent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction e ciency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively.With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality e uent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in sequencing batch reactor

The present lab-scale research reveals the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism from methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge and the effect of inorganic carbon(sodium bicarbonate)on anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The enrichment of anammox bacteria was carried out in a 7.0-L sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and the effect of bicarbonate on anammox was conducted in a 3.0-L SBR.Research results,especially the biomass,showed first signs of anammox activity after 54 d cultivation with synthetic w...     

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent (POME), posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction efficiency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively. With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount (except for K and Na). The high-quality effluent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.     

好氧颗粒污泥的培养及其降解硝基苯的活性

采用三角瓶在摇床上好氧振荡的方法,用硝基苯(nitrobenzene,NB)废水处理厂的好氧污泥驯化培养能够降解NB的混合菌群,发现在此培养过程中,微生物菌群形成颗粒化(颗粒污泥),采用此颗粒污泥(混合菌群)进行降解NB的研究.结果表明,该混合菌群在以NB为唯一碳源和氮源的情况下降解NB的效果最好,该混合菌群降解NB时最适宜的温度为28℃,能够适宜于pH 9.0以下的弱碱性环境,且最佳的pH值为7.0,当NB的起始浓度为600 mg.L-1时,混合菌群适应期较短,在6 h以下,混合菌群在24 h内能够完全降解NB,降解速率最大,达到28.8 mg.(L.h)-1,由此表明,好氧颗粒污泥法用于含硝基苯类化工废水的处理是一种新的尝试,具有实际应用价值.     

好氧颗粒污泥及其高效菌株降解苯胺的试验研究

以苯胺为唯一碳源和氮源,培养降解高浓度苯胺废水的好氧颗粒污泥,该体系对苯胺废水的最高耐受浓度高达6 000mg/L.通过分离纯化,从颗粒污泥体系中获得2株具有不同降解特征的苯胺降解菌adx1和adx3,菌株adx1在降解速率上具有明显优势,而菌株adx3对苯胺的最高耐受浓度高于adx1.上述菌株在降解苯胺过程中均遵循Haldane动力学模型,菌株adx1和adx3的最大比较降解速率分别为0.924 g/(g.h)和0.645 g/(g.h),比生长速率分别为0.487 g/(g.h)和0.440 g/(g.h).16S rDNA测序结果表明adx1和adx3分别属于Pseudomonas和Achromobacter属,与好氧颗粒污泥PCR-DGGE指纹图条带1和4测序结果一致,表明上述菌株分别为好氧颗粒化体系中优势菌群之一.