垃圾渗滤液厌氧处理过程颗粒污泥生长特性

以上流式厌氧反应器为例,研究了渗滤液厌氧处理过程中颗粒污泥的生长特性。结果表明,反应器运行阶段,颗粒污泥粒径由0.96 mm增长至1.06 mm,MLVSS/MLSS大于0.76,污泥能够保持较高的活性。高污泥负荷有利于0.90 mm颗粒污泥生长,0.60~0.90 mm污泥颗粒生长过程中结构不稳定,易发生解体。厌氧颗粒污泥生长过程中,粒径较大的颗粒污泥的孔隙结构较为疏松,它对污泥的活性产生影响。随着孔隙率增大,污泥沉降速度由0.88 cm/s升至0.97cm/s。颗粒污泥表层与内部微生物分布不同,表层微生物以球菌为主,各微生物种群间紧密联系,颗粒污泥内部以短杆菌为主。     

FOP-EGSB-MBR组合工艺处理2-萘酚生产废水

2-萘酚生产废水具有COD高、BOD/COD值低和生物毒件高的特点,采用FOP-EGSB-MBR组合工艺对其模拟废水进行处理工艺的研究.结果表明:废水经Fenton氧化处理后,可将出水BOD/COD值从0.01提高至0.67;再经过厌氧和好氧处理后,出水COD为100 mg/L以下;该组合上艺总的COD去除去可达99%,且运行性能稳定,效果可靠.     

ABR反应器处理碱减量印染废水的启动研究

对折流板厌氧反应器(ABR)处理碱减量印染废水的启动过程进行了实验研究.ABR接种厌氧颗粒污泥,以模拟碱减量印染废水作为启动进水,在温度为32～35℃,进水pH值为7.8～8.3条件下,采用低负荷方式启动ABR.反应器经过了70 d共6个阶段的连续运行后完成启动,实现了对碱减量印染废水的高效稳定运行.稳定运行反应器的平均容积负荷(以COD计)达到1.93 kg·(m3.d)-1,出水pH值7.3左右,COD平均去除率为78%以上.启动后期ABR各隔室功能分区较为明显并且形成了性能良好的厌氧颗粒污泥,相对于启动前期各隔室内颗粒污泥的粒径增大,沉降性能变好,颗粒污泥的f(MLVSS/MLSS)值均达到0.65以上.启动完成后各隔室内的微生物具有较高活性,ABR中厌氧颗粒污泥的平均DHA浓度(以TF计)和平均辅酶F420浓度分别为88.8μ(g·h)-1和0.18μmol·g-1.     

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon using a three-dimensional reactor

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) saturated with phenol was experimentally investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor with titanium filter electrode arrays. The feasibility of the electrochemical regeneration has been assessed by monitoring the regeneration efficiency and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The influence of the applied current, the effluent flow rate, and the effluent path of the electrochemical cell have been systematically studied. Under the optimum conditions, the regeneration efficiency of GAC could reach 94% in 2 hr, and no significant declination was observed after five-time continuous adsorption-regeneration cycles. The adsorption of organic pollutants was almost completely mineralized due to electrochemical oxidation, indicating that this regeneration process is much more potentially cost-effective for application.     

高效厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的动力学特性

通过运行厌氧氨氧化上流式厌氧污泥床(upflow anaerobic sludge blanket,UASB)反应器,培育获得了高效厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥(high-rate ANAMMOX granules,HAG).以絮状厌氧氨氧化污泥(flocculent ANAMMOX sludge,FAS)作为对照,采用批次试验研究了HAG的动力学特性.结果表明,HAG的比厌氧氨氧化活性(specific ANAMMOX activity,SAA)为2.63kg.(kg.d)-1,是FAS的2.5倍;对基质氨和亚硝酸盐的半速率常数(KS)分别为17 mg.L-1和19 mg.L-1,低于FAS的对应值;对氨、游离氨和亚硝酸盐的抑制常数(KI)分别为11 679、505和735 mg.L-1,远远高于FAS的对应值.HAG具有优良的动力学性质,可使其在不利环境中竞争基质,这对新型的厌氧氨氧化菌种流加工艺具有积极意义.     

Strategies to improve aerobic granular sludge stability and nitrogen removal based on feeding mode and substrate

A systemic strategy was proposed to improve aerobic granular sludge(AGS)stability and nitrogen(N)removal efficiency by optimizing feeding mode and substrate aiming at complicated wastewater characteristics.Key functional groups at the genus level identified by high-throughput sequencing were evaluated as well.The results showed that anaerobic feeding mode and acetate promoted the compact AGS formation with excellent total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency(averaging 91.7%±4.1%)at various dissolved oxygen conditions.While the aerobic feeding mode led to a loose AGS structure with a vulnerable anaerobic core and poor TN removal efficiency(averaging58.8%±7.4%).Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process played the dominant role in N removal in compact AGS over the alternating nitrification and denitrification process.High-concentration glucose undermined feast-famine condition with filamentous bacteria growth out of granule and decreased TN removal efficiency to 67.3%±15.2%.Lower food to microorganism ratio may result in a lower N removal rate attributed to the sharply increased biomass concentration fed by glucose.Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms enriched during AGS granulation also contributed to the efficient N removal.The proposed strategy provided insights into the relationship between various factors and stable AGS formation,and systemic operation methods for various complicated wastewater treatment.     

厌氧颗粒污泥合成纳米钯及强化降解双氯芬酸性能

为了提高厌氧颗粒污泥(AGS)对难降解卤代有机物的还原降解能力,本文研究了厌氧颗粒污泥原位还原制备纳米钯构建载钯型厌氧颗粒污泥(Pd-AGS)的方法与条件,以及Pd-AGS在不同电子供体及烘干方式下对双氯芬酸(DCF)的降解特性.研究表明,当Pd(II)浓度为50～200 mg·L~(-1),Pd/生物量比为1/40～1/10时,被颗粒污泥还原的Pd(II)超过90%,且Pd/生物量比越高,与污泥微生物结合的纳米钯(Pd NPs)越多;添加氧化还原介体蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸(AQDS)不能加快Pd(II)的还原速率,但可以使与胞外聚合物(EPS)结合的Pd NPs增多.Pd NPs的负载显著强化了AGS对DCF的降解性能,甲酸钠和氢气都能够作为电子供体激活Pd-AGS降解DCF,氢气更为有效.氢气存在下,初始浓度为20 mg·L~(-1) DCF在90 min降解率达到96.47%,而不载钯的AGS最终对DCF的降解率仅为16.19%.烘干处理会降低Pd-AGS对DCF的降解效率,但相比121℃和600℃的烘干方式,冷冻干燥和80℃烘干方法对Pd-AGS的降解性能影响较小.Pd-AGS将微生物降解性能与纳米钯的催化性能相结合,提高了对卤代难降解有机物的降解能力.     

给水厂污泥颗粒制备及对铜离子的吸附行为

将给水厂污泥和粘土以质量比1：2制备了一种新型污泥颗粒,考察其对溶液中铜离子的吸附行为.结果发现,污泥颗粒对水中铜离子具有良好的吸附效果,对铜的吸附量随时间增加而增大,180min时可达最大吸附量的85%左右,吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学方程;Langmuir等温吸附方程式可较好拟合不同温度时的吸附数据,且温度越高,平衡吸附量越大.多种重金属离子共存时,污泥颗粒仍优先吸附铜离子.pH值可显著影响污泥颗粒对铜离子的吸附,pH<5时,污泥颗粒对铜离子的吸附去除率随pH值升高而增大,pH=5时吸附去除效果最好.采用扫描电镜、红外光谱等对吸附铜离子前后的污泥颗粒进行表征,发现污泥颗粒表面粗糙、孔隙发达,含丰富表面基团,能够通过静电吸引、羟基取代和表面络合吸附铜离子.     

固定化季铵盐对硫酸盐有机废水厌氧处理颗粒污泥特性的影响

将硫酸盐有机废水厌氧处理过程中活性受抑制的厌氧颗粒污泥接入2台平行运行的升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB,1#、2#）反应器,并分别向其中投加短链和长链固定化季铵盐（IQAS）,考察IQAS的投加对颗粒污泥生物活性和理化特性的影响.结果表明：投加IQAS后,2台反应器中颗粒污泥的脱氢酶活性和比产甲烷活性均明显提高,沉降性能提升,其总硫、金属元素、胞外蛋白质（PN）及胞外多糖（PS）含量均呈降低趋势,表面的PN、PS拉曼光谱峰值减弱;与1#反应器相比较,2#反应器中颗粒污泥的辅酶F₄₂₀浓度增加明显,总硫和Fe元素含量减少显著;由此表明,IQAS的投加能剥离颗粒污泥表面沉积物,使活性受抑制的厌氧颗粒污泥的生物活性提高,其中长链IQAS对颗粒污泥的剥离激活作用较明显.     

活性炭负载二氧化锰的制备及其对罗丹明B吸附效能

采用颗粒活性炭(GAC)以共沉淀和热分解法制备了改性活性炭(MnO_2-AC),并采用SEM、XRD表征手段对改性前后活性炭进行微观分析;进而研究了GAC和MnO_2-AC随染料初始浓度、活性碳投加量、温度、吸附时间变化对染料废水罗丹明B的吸附效果影响。结果表明:GAC经改性后,活性炭表面变得粗糙,并有MnO_2产生。在MnO_2-AC投加量为0.2 g,罗丹明B浓度为100 mg/L,温度为25℃条件下反应12 h,其吸附量达到36.80 mg/g。另外,MnO_2-AC对罗丹明B的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型,并遵循准二级动力学模型。