厌氧颗粒污泥合成纳米钯及强化降解双氯芬酸性能

为了提高厌氧颗粒污泥(AGS)对难降解卤代有机物的还原降解能力,本文研究了厌氧颗粒污泥原位还原制备纳米钯构建载钯型厌氧颗粒污泥(Pd-AGS)的方法与条件,以及Pd-AGS在不同电子供体及烘干方式下对双氯芬酸(DCF)的降解特性.研究表明,当Pd(II)浓度为50～200 mg·L~(-1),Pd/生物量比为1/40～1/10时,被颗粒污泥还原的Pd(II)超过90%,且Pd/生物量比越高,与污泥微生物结合的纳米钯(Pd NPs)越多;添加氧化还原介体蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸(AQDS)不能加快Pd(II)的还原速率,但可以使与胞外聚合物(EPS)结合的Pd NPs增多.Pd NPs的负载显著强化了AGS对DCF的降解性能,甲酸钠和氢气都能够作为电子供体激活Pd-AGS降解DCF,氢气更为有效.氢气存在下,初始浓度为20 mg·L~(-1) DCF在90 min降解率达到96.47%,而不载钯的AGS最终对DCF的降解率仅为16.19%.烘干处理会降低Pd-AGS对DCF的降解效率,但相比121℃和600℃的烘干方式,冷冻干燥和80℃烘干方法对Pd-AGS的降解性能影响较小.Pd-AGS将微生物降解性能与纳米钯的催化性能相结合,提高了对卤代难降解有机物的降解能力.     

给水厂污泥颗粒制备及对铜离子的吸附行为

将给水厂污泥和粘土以质量比1：2制备了一种新型污泥颗粒,考察其对溶液中铜离子的吸附行为.结果发现,污泥颗粒对水中铜离子具有良好的吸附效果,对铜的吸附量随时间增加而增大,180min时可达最大吸附量的85%左右,吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学方程;Langmuir等温吸附方程式可较好拟合不同温度时的吸附数据,且温度越高,平衡吸附量越大.多种重金属离子共存时,污泥颗粒仍优先吸附铜离子.pH值可显著影响污泥颗粒对铜离子的吸附,pH<5时,污泥颗粒对铜离子的吸附去除率随pH值升高而增大,pH=5时吸附去除效果最好.采用扫描电镜、红外光谱等对吸附铜离子前后的污泥颗粒进行表征,发现污泥颗粒表面粗糙、孔隙发达,含丰富表面基团,能够通过静电吸引、羟基取代和表面络合吸附铜离子.     

固定化季铵盐对硫酸盐有机废水厌氧处理颗粒污泥特性的影响

将硫酸盐有机废水厌氧处理过程中活性受抑制的厌氧颗粒污泥接入2台平行运行的升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB,1#、2#）反应器,并分别向其中投加短链和长链固定化季铵盐（IQAS）,考察IQAS的投加对颗粒污泥生物活性和理化特性的影响.结果表明：投加IQAS后,2台反应器中颗粒污泥的脱氢酶活性和比产甲烷活性均明显提高,沉降性能提升,其总硫、金属元素、胞外蛋白质（PN）及胞外多糖（PS）含量均呈降低趋势,表面的PN、PS拉曼光谱峰值减弱;与1#反应器相比较,2#反应器中颗粒污泥的辅酶F₄₂₀浓度增加明显,总硫和Fe元素含量减少显著;由此表明,IQAS的投加能剥离颗粒污泥表面沉积物,使活性受抑制的厌氧颗粒污泥的生物活性提高,其中长链IQAS对颗粒污泥的剥离激活作用较明显.     

Strategies to improve aerobic granular sludge stability and nitrogen removal based on feeding mode and substrate

A systemic strategy was proposed to improve aerobic granular sludge(AGS)stability and nitrogen(N)removal efficiency by optimizing feeding mode and substrate aiming at complicated wastewater characteristics.Key functional groups at the genus level identified by high-throughput sequencing were evaluated as well.The results showed that anaerobic feeding mode and acetate promoted the compact AGS formation with excellent total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency(averaging 91.7%±4.1%)at various dissolved oxygen conditions.While the aerobic feeding mode led to a loose AGS structure with a vulnerable anaerobic core and poor TN removal efficiency(averaging58.8%±7.4%).Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process played the dominant role in N removal in compact AGS over the alternating nitrification and denitrification process.High-concentration glucose undermined feast-famine condition with filamentous bacteria growth out of granule and decreased TN removal efficiency to 67.3%±15.2%.Lower food to microorganism ratio may result in a lower N removal rate attributed to the sharply increased biomass concentration fed by glucose.Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms enriched during AGS granulation also contributed to the efficient N removal.The proposed strategy provided insights into the relationship between various factors and stable AGS formation,and systemic operation methods for various complicated wastewater treatment.     

藻-菌颗粒污泥胞外聚合物及其表面特性研究

藻-菌颗粒污泥具有能耗低、温室气体排放量少等优点,近年来在污水处理领域受到关注.胞外聚合物(EPS)在保护微生物免受恶劣环境影响及促进细胞聚集方面发挥重要作用,而关于藻-菌颗粒EPS及其表面特性鲜有报道.选取了粒径范围在0.36~0.71、1~1.25、1.6~2.0 mm的3组藻-菌颗粒,分析了其EPS中多糖和蛋白质的含量,并进一步地对其组成差别以及官能团特征进行探究,探讨了EPS提取前后藻-菌聚集体表面电荷的变化.结果表明,随着粒径的增大,藻-菌颗粒污泥EPS中多糖和蛋白质的含量均有增加,而蛋白质与多糖的比值减小.不同粒径的藻-菌颗粒污泥EPS中芳香蛋白与酪氨酸类物质的含量明显增加,腐殖酸类物质含量亦呈总体增加趋势,与胞外蛋白相比,胞外多糖特征峰的波峰强度增加较明显.进一步分析表明,粒径较大的颗粒可能更能抵御外界环境因素的变化,以维持颗粒性能.以上结果表明,粘性和亲水性的多糖、芳香蛋白和酪氨酸类物质可能更有利于藻-菌颗粒的微生物细胞聚集.本文的研究结果进一步地拓展了对藻-菌颗粒污泥的认识,并为其进一步的工程应用提供基础.     

厌氧推流进水对反硝化除磷好氧颗粒污泥系统的影响

实际生活污水成分复杂,且碳氮比较低,而厌氧推流进水可以通过提供局部高底物浓度来加强好氧颗粒污泥对进水中COD的利用.实验采用间歇曝气的方式在序批式反应器（SBR）中培养好氧颗粒污泥,以实际生活污水为进水,接种污水厂污泥.R1采用厌氧快速进水,R2采用厌氧推流进水,探究不同进水模式对生活污水好氧颗粒污泥系统的影响.结果表明,快速厌氧进水条件下,R1中更早出现颗粒结构,但在运行71 d时出现颗粒破裂的现象;应用厌氧推流进水模式的R2生成的颗粒结构较R1的更为致密,颗粒表面更加光滑,且反硝化聚磷菌（DPAO）的富集效果更好.最终R1和R2反应器内DPAO占聚磷菌（PAO）的比例分别为14.17%和22.07%.结果表明,厌氧推流进水模式能够加强颗粒污泥对进水中COD的利用,有利于富集DPAO,生成结构更加致密稳定的颗粒,实现"一碳两用",获得更好的脱氮除磷效果.     

粒状煤和块状煤等温吸附CH4试验研

为探究不同尺寸煤样吸附瓦斯特性的差异,以漳村矿3#煤为研究对象,利用自主研制的多功能煤吸附/解吸瓦斯参数测定试验装置,开展粒状煤和块状煤的等温吸附试验,测定不同吸附压力下的吸附量和变形量。试验结果表明:在相同的吸附平衡压力下,吸附量随煤样粒径的增大而减小;粒状煤吸附瓦斯的能力大于块状煤,原因是粒状煤的有效比表面比块状煤大,增加的微孔吸附瓦斯使得煤吸附瓦斯量增加。块状煤的变形量随吸附平衡压力而增大,但增加量逐渐减小。经讨论分析可知:煤体吸附膨胀变形是煤基质吸附膨胀和气体压力压缩共同作用的结果;粒状煤测定的吸附常数应用到煤层数值模拟中会引起一定的误差。     

全自养硝化污泥的颗粒化过程研究

利用SBR反应器,以浓度(以N计,下同)120～650 mg/L的自配氨氮废水,在0.48～3.60 kg/(m3.d)的氨氮负荷下,探讨了自养硝化颗粒污泥的形成过程.结果表明,以硝化污泥接种,氨氮负荷为0.48 kg/(m3.d),温度为30℃±2℃,逐渐缩短沉淀时间至10 min的条件下,硝化颗粒可以在第22 d形成,并在第43 d进入相对稳定期,平均粒径达到500μm左右.颗粒污泥的平均粒径变化经历了迟滞期、快速增长期和稳定期3个阶段.污泥平均粒径由接种污泥的127μm增长到稳定期的500μm左右.在快速增长期,平均粒径增长速度可达12μm/d.成熟颗粒污泥的形状规则、分界清晰,分布有大量杆菌,粒径300μm的颗粒污泥所占比例达74.6%,污泥相中已基本没有絮状污泥.污泥在颗粒化过程中,颜色由接种污泥的灰褐色转变为颗粒污泥的黄红色.硝化颗粒污泥表面分布有大量杆菌和块状的EPS结构.     

Stability of expanded granular sludge bed process for terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPD wastewater), containing averaged 710 mg/L terephthalic acid(TA) as the main carbon source and the character pollutant, was subjected to expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) process. The stability of the EGSB process was firstly conducted by laboratory experiment. TA ionization was the predominated factor influencing the acid-base balance of the system. High concentration of TA in wastewater resulted in sufficient buffering capacity to neutralize the volatile fatty acids(VFA)generated from substrate degradation and provided strong base for anaerobic system to resist the pH decrease below 6.5. VFA and UFA caused almost no inhibition on the anaerobic process and biogas production except that pH was below 6.35 and VFA was at its maximum value. Along with the granulating of the activated sludge, the efficiency of organic removal and production rate of biogas increased gradually and became more stable. After start-up, the efficiency of COD removal increased to 57%—64%, pH stabilized in a range of 7.99—8.04, and production rate of biogas was relatively high and stable. Sludge granulating, suitable influent of pH and loading were responsible for the EGSB stability. The variation of VFA concentration only resulted in neglectable rebound of pH, and the inhibition from VFA could be ignored in EGSB. The EGSB reactor was stable for TPD wastewater treatment.     

碳源种类对同步脱氮除磷颗粒污泥除磷性能的影响

以厌氧/好氧交替运行培养的具有脱氮除磷功能的颗粒污泥为对象,研究不同碳源条件下对除磷特性的影响。研究结果显示,醋酸钠为单一碳源培养的颗粒污泥呈淡黄色,粒径分布较均匀,主要为双球菌和短杆菌,磷平均去除率为84.77%,厌氧末端释磷量平均为89.76 mg/L,最大释磷和吸磷速率分别为106.33mg/(g·h)和50.92 mg/(g·h);乙酸钠葡萄糖为复合碳源培养的颗粒污泥呈白色和淡黄色,粒径分布不均匀,主要为单球菌,磷平均去除率为93.06%,厌氧末端释磷量平均为75.52 mg/L,最大释磷和吸磷速率分别为92.84 mg/(g·h)和28.23 mg/(g·h),两种碳源条件下表现出良好的除磷能力。