城市绿地综合效益评价方法探讨：——天津实例应用

本文从复合生态系统理论出发，建立了城市绿地综合效益评价指标体系并将ＡＨＰ决策分析方法同模糊评价方法相结合，提出了一种城市绿地综合效益评价方法，同时，阐述了这一方法在天津的实际应用。     

城市绿化树木碳氧平衡效应研究

本文通过实测广州市内几种常见绿化树木的光合强度和呼吸强度以及叶面积指数，计算城市绿地吸收二氧化碳和释放氧气的能力。得出各种树木的叶片光合强度。由于各树木的叶面积指数不同，绿地的吸碳放氧能力也不同。据此，从人类呼吸的基本需要考虑，探讨了城市地定额指标问题。     

北京城近郊区园林绿地多目标规划

北京市城近郊区人口密集,经济活动频繁,作为改善城市空气质量的重要环境资源之一,园林绿地提供了不可或缺的生态服务功能。针对研究区降尘大、SO_2浓度高以及生产生活耗氧量大等主要环境问题,以满足城市居民环境质量基本要求为目标,通过一系列决策变量与约束条件的设定,建立起北京城近郊区园林绿地多目标线性规划模型。应用Lingo 8．0软件对规划模型求解,结果表明,规划期(2020年)不同种类园林绿地面积分配较基期(2000年)更为合理,强调通过乔灌草相结合提高园林绿地整体生态服务功能,为北京建设生态城市提供了规划依据。     

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of arsenic in environmental samples

We developed a cost-effective and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of arsenic at trace level using a new reagent, leuco malachite green. Here we show that, arsenic reacts with potassium iodate in acidic conditions to liberate iodine, and the liberated iodine selectively oxidizes leuco malachite green to malachite green dye. We studied the Beer’s law at 617 nm, which showed linearity over the concentration range 0.09–0.9 μg ml⁻¹ of arsenic. We show that the molar absorptivity, Sandell’s sensitivity and detection limit of the method are 6.1 × 10⁴ l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹, 0.0012 μg cm⁻² and 0.025 μg ml⁻¹, respectively. We applied the developed method for the determination of arsenic in environmental samples.     

中国有机食品的研究与发展前景

介绍了有机食品的基本概念和有机食品所应具备的条件，并比较了有机食品与绿色食品的区别与联系；在对国内外有机食品的发展概况和中国发展有机食品的有利条件的全面论述和分析的基础上，阐明了中国有机食品的发展不仅有着良好的国内外市场，而且有着广阔的前景。     

铁氧电池法处理孔雀石绿的试验研究

提出了铁氧电池法处理孔雀石绿模拟染料废水的方法，研究了曝气时间、pH值、废水体积以及曝气时间与pH值的交互作用对处理结果的影响。试验结果表明，在曝气时间40min，pH=9，废水体积120mL时，COD去除率和脱色率分别达到76．5％和96．5％以上，该方法比传统的铁屑法效果大大提高，应用前景广阔。     

铁氧电池法处理孔雀石绿的试验研究

提出了铁氧电池法处理孔雀石绿模拟染料废水的方法,研究了曝气时间、pH值、废水体积以及曝气时间与pH值的交互作用对处理结果的影响.试验结果表明,在曝气时间40 min,pH=9,废水体积120 mL时,COD去除率和脱色率分别达到76 5%和96.5%以上,该方法比传统的铁屑法效果大大提高,应用前景广阔.     

Use of oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and ambient water to assess metal pollution status of the charting coastal area, Taiwan, after the 1986 green oyster incident

Most of the oyster mariculture beds in Taiwan are in areas located along the west of the island. One of these areas is the Charting coast, where green oysters were found in 1986. During this incident, which became internationally notorious, mass mortality occurred in the Charting oyster beds. After this discovery, measures were taken by the authorities to counter pollution which lead to the problem. The effectiveness of these pollution control actions was evaluated in this study. Two water column indicators, particulate and sediment, and oysters were sampled and analyzed for metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni) in Charting and its neighboring areas, Kuen-Shen Lake and Shin-Da Harbor, and the control area/station, Dah-Pen Wan. The current study shows that copper and zinc concentrations in both oysters and particulates significantly decreased in the Charting area, compared with concentrations found during the period of the green oyster incident. Six years after the incident, the copper concentration in oysters had fallen from a high of 4400 μg/g dry weight to an average of 300±69 μg/g dry weight, figures similar to the copper concentration in 1982. The pollution control actions taken after the incident are believed to be the cause of this recovery of the coastal environment. Nevertheless, Charting still produced oysters with the highest copper and zinc concentrations among the areas investigated. Further measures currently being taken by the government, including removing the sediment of some portions of Erhjin Chi, should be able to bring the oyster copper concentrations down to the levels similar to those observed in the neighboring area, (average concentration below 200 μg/g dry weight or all time maximum concentration below 500 μg/g dry weight).     

绿色化学研究与生态环境保护

绿色化学是指利用一系列原理来降低或消除在化工产品的设计、生产及应用中有害物质的使用和产生的科学。它致力于从源头上制止污染物的生成。文章从非传统的绿色原材料、溶剂、试剂、催化剂、安全化学品及合成方法方面综述了绿色化学的研究进展。绿色化学从材料和能源的内在性质上面对生态环境问题的挑战，在分子水平上设计结构及其相关的性质，通过减少内在的危害而使生态系统的发展具有可持续性。发展绿色化学是实现生态环境保护的途径。     

替代化工污染项目的清洁生产技术

在调研了上海化学工业生产技术的基础上，针对目前污染严重的一些生产工艺提出了可替代的清洁生产技术。在洁净煤、环氧丙烷、碳酸二甲酯、聚醚、异丙苯、丙烯腈、丙二醇醚等项目方面提出了相应的建议。