北京绿色屋面节水灌溉技术初探

绿色屋面是城市绿化的重要组成部分。对于象北京这样的缺水城市,绿色屋面的节水灌溉不容忽视。使用节水灌溉技术、优化灌溉水源配置、根据土壤含水率科学确定灌水定额等措施可减少城市绿色屋面的耗水量。     

Temporal and spatial change detecting (1998–2003) and predicting of land use and land cover in Core corridor of Pearl River Delta (China) by using TM and ETM+ images

Land use/land cover (LULC) has a profound impact on economy, society and environment, especially in rapid developing areas. Rapid and prompt monitoring and predicting of LULC’s change are crucial and significant. Currently, integration of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) methods is one of the most important methods for detecting LULC’s change, which includes image processing (such as geometrical-rectifying, supervised-classification, etc.), change detection (post-classification), GIS-based spatial analysis, Markov chain and a Cellular Automata (CA) models, etc. The core corridor of Pearl River Delta was selected for studying LULC’s change in this paper by using the above methods for the reason that the area contributed 78.31% (1998)–81.4% (2003) of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to the whole Pearl River Delta (PRD). The temporal and spatial LULC’s changes from 1998 to 2003 were detected by RS data. At the same time, urban expansion levels in the next 5 and 10 years were predicted temporally and spatially by using Markov chain and a simple Cellular Automata model respectively. Finally, urban expansion and farmland loss were discussed against the background of China’s urban expansion and cropland loss during 1990–2000. The result showed: (1) the rate of urban expansion was up to 8.91% during 1998–2003 from 169,078.32 to 184,146.48 ha; (2) the rate of farmland loss was 5.94% from 312,069.06 to 293,539.95 ha; (3) a lot of farmland converted to urban or development area, and more forest and grass field converted to farmland accordingly; (4) the spatial predicting result of urban expansion showed that urban area was enlarged ulteriorly compared with the previous results, and the directions of expansion is along the existing urban area and transportation lines.     

用185nm UV降解水中二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿

研究了185nm紫外光降解水中二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿和总有机碳(TOC)的规律.研究了浓度、体积、流速、pH等因素对二苯甲酮的降解效果的影响.通过改变污染物初始浓度、体积、流量、pH值以及添加无机离子来讨论185nm紫外光对孔雀石绿的降解效果,探讨了降解的最佳条件.降解达到了治理水中二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿污染的目的.用这种方法降解水中二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿,去除率能够达到99.9%以上,是一种非常有效的治理污染方法.实验同时验证了185nm UV降解水中的二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿符合准一级动力学规律.     

孔雀石绿对两种藻类的毒性

考察了孔雀石绿对小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)和金藻(Isochrysis zhan jiangensis)生长的影响,并研究了孔雀石绿对小球藻中叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明,孔雀石绿对两种藻类的生长具有较强的抑制效应,96 h的半抑制效应浓度(Ec50)分别为0.133 mg·l-1和O.017mg·l-1时属于高毒,而且对金藻的毒性大于小球藻.小球藻中叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量随孔雀石绿浓度的增加而明显下降.     

绿色技术是实现可持续发展目标的源动力

对可持续发展及绿色技术的发展状况、内涵进行了论述,对可持续发展的动力进行了分析,提出了绿色技术是实施可持续发展目标源动力的观点。     

加强环境教育创建绿色学校

阐述了加强中小学环境教育的重要性和必要性 ,提出了建立环境教育机构网络的一些设想 ,在此基础上提出创建绿色学校 ,并对创建绿色学校的要求与方法进行了一些探讨。     

中国加入WTO与绿色贸易（非关税）壁垒

文章以我国即将加入世贸组织的新阶段为背景,阐述了绿色贸易壁垒的起因特征,其内容包括环境税、市场准入、环境技术标准、环境标专和绿色消费意识。基于此,指出目前急街解决的主要问题是加快ISO 14000和环境标志认证、环境经济政策的研究和制定以及人才培养,大力发展环保产业和高效农业。     

甲黄隆,氯黄隆,苄嘧黄隆及其降解产物对蛋白核小球藻生长的效应

本文研究了甲黄隆、氯黄隆、苄嘧黄隆及其降解产物对蛋白核小球藻（Chlorellapyrenoidosa）的96h生长抑制急性毒性和化合物氮的生物可获得性。急性毒性试验表明:黄隆的毒性比其降解产物取代磺胺和氮杂环化合物大得多（EC_(50)相差2—3个数量级）,降解产物取代磺胺、均三嗪、取代嘧啶存在明显的低浓度促进生长现象,氮的生物可获得性试验表明:小球藻能有效利用低浓度取代磺胺、均三嗪、取代嘧啶化合物中的氮促进生长,促进程度:氯磺胺>苄磺胺≈二甲氧基嘧啶>甲磺胺>均三嗪。     

Photodegradation of malachite green and malachite green carbinol under irradiation with different wavelength ranges

The dye malachite green (MG) is used worldwide as a fungicide in aquaculture. It is a toxic substance which in aqueous solutions is partly converted into its non-ionic colorless form (leucocarbinol). The equilibrium between these two forms is pH-dependent (pK = 6.9). To assess the photodegradation of MG under sunlight conditions, both species were irradiated separately in aqueous solutions with different pH values (4.0 and 12.0) using various ultraviolet and visible wavelength ranges (UV/VIS). A 700 W high-pressure mercury lamp with special filters was used. No artificial photooxidizers such as H₂O₂ or TiO₂ were added. MG leucocarbinol proved to be much more sensitive to irradiation than the dye form. Quantum yields Φ were calculated for some wavelength ranges as follows: MG carbinol: Φ_(280-312nm) is 4.3 × 10⁻³, Φ_(313-410nm) is 5.8 × 10⁻³, and MG dye: Φ_(280-312nm) is 4.8 × 10⁻⁵, Φ_(313-365nm) is 1.1 × 10⁻⁵, and Φ_(>365nm) is 0, respectively. Therefore, the solar photolysis of MG is an important sink and primarily depends on the photodegradation of the colorless leucocarbinol. During the irradiation of MG leucocarbinol with wavelengths >365 nm, an intermediate was formed which has photocatalytical properties.     

城市屋顶绿化生态功能浅析

屋顶绿化具有多种优越的环境功能,是一项能够有效提升城市生态水平的环境策略,现已被世界上很多发达国家所采用。本文介绍了屋顶绿化的一些基本知识,并对屋顶绿化的环境功能进行了讨论。