Spain's greatest and most recent mine disaster

On 25 April 1998, the mineral waste retaining wall at the Swedish-owned pyrite mine at Aznalcóllar (Seville, Spain) burst, causing the most harmful environmental and socio-economic disaster in the history of the River Guadiamar basin. The damage was so great that the regional government decided in May 1998 to finance a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research initiative with the objective of eradicating or at least minimising all of the negative social, economic and environmental impacts. This paper utilises a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis to identify eight strategic measures aimed at providing policymakers with key guidelines on implementing a sustainable development model, in a broad sense. Empirical evidence, though, reveals that, to date, major efforts to tackle the negative impacts have centred on environmental concerns and that the socio-economic consequences have not been completely mitigated.     

不同吊顶材料对燃烧室内和狭长走廊中烟气危害性的影响

选取建筑用材中几种常用的吊顶材料,研究火源以及火势迁移等因素对狭长走廊中烟气危害性的影响.试验在小尺寸实验台上进行,研究了采用不同吊顶材料时燃烧室和走廊中烟气的体积分数峰值、峰宽时间及到达峰值的时间,揭示了烟气的危害程度.试验表明,不同吊顶材料对火灾中烟气的危害性有明显影响.复合板吊顶材料能够显著增加烟气体积分数峰值并缩短到达峰值的时间,其烟气体积分数峰值约为单纯钢板吊顶情况下的两倍.PVC吊顶材料在同样火灾载荷下的塌落倾向最明显.     

绿色供应链管理：企业经营管理的趋势

在供应链的各个阶段中从原材料获取到产品的制造、运输、使用过程都会产生废弃物,对环境造成严重的污染,威胁人类的健康和生态系统系统。为此,本文提出了以供应链管理的概念,并讨论了它的主要内容以及实施绿色供应链管理的应用前景。     

Demystifying the challenges and barriers to manage,develop, and transfer clean and green technologies in Brazilian academic research groups: Some empirical evidence

This work presents empirical evidence of the main challenges in managing/leading academic research groups on clean and green technologies in Brazilian universities. We also present evidence about the main barriers to the effective creation of innovation and technology transfer of these clean and green technologies. Empirical evidence come from PhD researchers/academics who lead/manage official research groups on clean (environmental, green) technologies. Results show the following: (a) The main challenges of managing research groups are the lack of an innovative culture, the lack of partnership with an industrial sector, and the necessity of keeping laboratories updated; (b) the main barriers to innovation and technology transfer are difficulties in not having enough researchers and staff members, assessments of academic performance that do not consider innovation, and an uncertain national legislation on clean technology. Based on these and others’ findings, we suggest that policymakers working on clean and green technologies pay attention to act and develop initiatives focusing on the following: providing direct financial support for laboratory improvement, linking academics and practitioners from the industrial sector, and providing training and development programs on clean and green technologies’ legislation and financial issues, such as the payoff of clean and green technologies and opportunities from green investors.     

Photodegradation of malachite green under natural sunlight irradiation: kinetic and toxicity of the transformation products

This article describes the photolytic degradation of malachite green (MG), a cationic triphenylmethane dye used worldwide as a fungicide and antiseptic in the aquaculture industry. Photolysis experiments were performed by direct exposure of a solution of MG in water to natural sunlight. The main transformation products (TPs) generated during the process were identified by liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–TOF-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The 28 TPs identified with this strategy indicate that MG undergoes three main reactions, N-demethylation, hydroxylation and cleavage of the conjugated structure forming benzophenone derivatives. These processes involve hydroxyl radical attack on the phenyl ring, the N,N-dimethylamine group and the central carbon atom. The Vibrio fischeri acute toxicity test showed that the solution remains toxic after MG has completely disappeared. This toxicity could be assigned, at least in part, to the formation of 4-(dimethylamine)benzophenone, which has an EC_50,30 min of 0.061 mg l⁻¹, and is considered “very toxic to aquatic organisms” by current EU legislation.     

中国工业绿化度测算及影响因素研究

工业生产是现代物质财富的主要来源,同时也是带来环境污染的重要产业。本文对中国工业增长的绿化度进行了考察。首先采用层次分析法测度2005-2009年中国各地区环境污染综合指数,结果表明2005-2009年这5年间全国大多数地区环境污染指数都有不同程度上涨,平均环境污染指数从2005年的0.208上涨到2009年的0.267,就地区差异而言,环境污染指数呈现东高西低的特征,东部地区环境污染指数平均为0.340,而中部地区和西部地区分别为0.241和0.154,这与东部地区工业较为发达存在密切关系,也印证了中国经济发展仍存在较为明显的粗放式特征;其次,应用DEA方法在综合考虑环境污染和能源消耗问题的基础上测度2005-2009年中国各地区工业增长绿化度,结果表明东部地区工业绿化度明显优于中西部地区,东部地区工业绿化度平均为0.689,远高于中部地区的0.435和西部地区的0.496,而且,"十一五"以来,东部地区工业绿化度上升趋势明显,说明东部地区工业增长正在积极向绿色转型;论文还应用TOBIT回归分析法对影响中国工业绿化度的因素进行分析,研究表明技术进步、结构升级、经济开放都会对工业绿化度产生积极的效应。因此,为促进工业绿色增长中国需要进一步为技术的研发、扩散搭建顺畅的渠道;积极推动产业融合,获得协同收益;有效吸引清洁外资,开展绿色生产。     

四川省工业园区绿色发展水平及对策研究

工业园区绿色制造体系建设是全面推进工业绿色发展的重要环节之一,对缓解当前资源约束、供给侧结构性改革和加快推动绿色增长具有积极意义.通过对四川省内32个工业园区2018年度绿色制造体系建设情况相关数据的收集整理和分析研究,对四川省工业园区整体绿色发展水平现状有了初步的了解,发现当前四川省工业园区整体绿色发展水平偏低,与发...     

解读《关于深入推进重点行业清洁生产审核工作的通知》

2020年10月16日,生态环境部和国家发改委联合发布了《关于深入推进重点行业清洁生产审核工作的通知》(环办科财〔2020〕27号)(《通知》),以进一步加强清洁生产审核在重点行业节能减排和升级改造中的支撑作用,促进形成绿色发展方式,推动经济高质量发展.本文在分析《通知》出台的背景和意义的基础上,对清洁生产审核工作的顶...     

资源环境约束下南京城市发展质量评价

为科学评估城市发展质量,本文界定了城市发展质量内涵,将资源环境纳入城市发展质量分析框架中,构建城市协调发展和绿色发展两套指标体系,定量评估2005—2015年南京城市发展质量。结果显示:在协调发展方面,南京城市发展协调度总体呈升高趋势,经济社会与资源环境关系经历了中度失调衰退(2005—2007)、低度耦合协调(2008—2013)和中度耦合协调(2014—2015)三个阶段,但与高度耦合协调发展阶段还有较大差距;在绿色发展方面,近5年南京绿色发展水平逐年升高,资源消耗和环境损害指标的改善程度明显高于经济发展和生态效益指标,各辖区绿色发展水平空间差异显著。南京城市发展质量变化特征与城市发展方式、城市发展阶段和生态环境建设等因素关系密切。     

从斯德哥尔摩到约翰内斯堡的发展道路

文章详细论述了从斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议到约翰内斯堡可持续发展会议召开的三十年间，人类经历了从工业文明走向绿色文明三个历史过程的发展之路。