供给侧结构性改革与资源型产业转型发展

由于资源性产品价格形成机制改革长期滞后,加之国有经济占比高,资源型产业普遍市场化程度相对较低,导致供给与需求错配严重,难以适应工业4.0下生产方式和商业模式变革的需要。目前,受经济周期和矿业周期叠加的共同影响,20世纪头十年全球矿业发展黄金期告一段落,国际市场大宗商品价格低位波动,总体需求持续低迷。随着中国经济进入新常态,国内资源性产品供求关系发生了一系列新的变化,迫切需要加快资源型产业转型升级,从而更好地满足加速工业化和城镇化的要求。本文在供给侧结构性改革的背景下,分析资源型产业转型发展的动因及其面临的障碍,指出经济下行导致资源领域供给与需求的矛盾进一步凸显,在国家继续严格实行强制性节能减排的情况下,主要能源和矿产品消费规模有可能提前达峰,这有助于实现中国向国际社会承诺到2030年碳排放总量达标的承诺。同时,由于在资源型产业"去产能"过程中,僵尸企业处置、人员安置等方面仍面临诸多方面的障碍和制约因素,资源领域淘汰落后产能不可能一蹴而就,甚至会出现多轮反弹,进一步增加了行业推进供给侧结构性改革的阻力和风险。在以上结论基础上,本文设计资源型产业转型发展的路径,提出加快绿色化、智能化转型,推动资源型产业与非资源型产业融合发展的转型路径。本着"有进有退、以退促进"的原则,发挥市场机制在配置资源中的决定性作用,促进有效市场与有为政府更加兼容,建立完善进入衰退阶段的资源型产业有序退出的机制,切实降低供给侧结构性改革的社会成本。     

Evaluating the impact of green roof evapotranspiration on annual building energy performance

The performance of the building envelope predominantly determines the ultimate energy performance throughout the lifecycle of a building. A sustainable alternative to enhance roof performance while limiting heat flux through a roof is integrating passive techniques such as green roof. Particularly, green roof performance is sensitive to local climate. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the evapotranspiration effect of an extensive green roof on annual energy consumption of an office building in relation to the humid continental climate of Republic of Korea. The dynamic behavior of green roof and building energy performance were investigated through a parametric simulation method using green roof module in EnergyPlus coupled with jEPlus. Structural data of the reference building and ASHARE 90.1-2007 operational schedules were used as inputs for baseline building model while inputs for the green roof module were based on experimental data sets. Due to the influence of the humid conditions and local wind current on the evapotranspiration process, it was generally found that high leaf area index (LAI) reduced cooling energy demand and somewhat reduced heating energy demand as well; corresponding to the highest daily evapotranspiration fluxes of 4.79 mm day^?1 in summer and 1.80 mm day^?1 in winter. Increasing LAI from 20% to 100% cover increased evapotranspiration flux by 10.4% in summer and 80.2% in winter. Thus to minimize energy losses in winter, foliage cover must be carefully considered. Within limitations specified, the overall annual building energy consumption deceased by 90.9 GJ (3.7%).     

Equitable distribution of green stormwater infrastructure: a capacity-based framework for implementation in disadvantaged communities

This study seeks to understand the factors that influence the variability in distribution of public and private sector investments in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) projects across the diversity of neighbourhoods in the City of Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A. using indicators of community context and capacity. For this study, context is defined as characteristics of disadvantaged communities and capacity as factors that facilitate individual and collective action. Community context and capacity are deemed integral to the success of the Philadelphia GSI programme as the Philadelphia Water Department is relying upon collaborative approaches to facilitate public investments in neighbourhoods and voluntary implementation of GSI practices on publically and privately owned lands. Private sector investments in GSI mandated by stormwater regulations for new construction and major rehabilitation also are assessed in relation to these two sets of indicators. The geographic information systems and statistical analyses reveal an inequitable distribution of GSI projects, which largely is driven by market forces. The paper concludes with a community capacity-based framework to prioritise public sector investment in disadvantaged communities to achieve more equitable distribution of GSI projects and associated benefits.     

花桥典型地块景观格局及植被群落结构指数评价与制图研究

自然过程是规划过程的重要维度。与中国法定规划体系相衔接的生态单元分类、评价系统的构建,是生态研究与城乡规划之间的一座桥梁。选取昆山花桥为研究对象,以2010年Landsat遥感数据TM影像图为主要数据源。在城乡生态单元制图的基础上,从区域景观格局的宏观角度分析城市化、乡村以及城乡交错带三类典型地块的生态用地特征。研究表明:城市水体形态过于笔直、公园绿地分布过于集中,城乡交错带水体破碎化严重、人工景观呈集聚状的发展趋势,乡村地块水体受农业活动影响严重、农田景观应重点保护等。进而从微观角度进行植被群落结构指数评价,作为生态信息的重要补充。根据植被指数图谱可得花溪公园附近的植被群落结构指数较高,河道两侧的线性连续性整体尚佳,植被群落结构丰富,而道路两侧的植被较为单一等。旨在提供一种城市生态评价体系,从宏观到微观,从生态格局分析到植被群落结构评价,希望能更清晰的反映不同区域之间的生态价值差异,为城乡绿地系统规划提供生态基础性数据。     

气候变化对涟水流域蓝水绿水资源的影响

利用SWAT分布式水文模型模拟分析1996~2015年过去20 a及2020~2079年未来60 a长期气候变化背景下涟水流域蓝水绿水资源的时空分布变化特征。将气候变化划分为1996~2015年、2020~2049年、2050~2079年三段气象背景时期,选用Had GEM2-AO大气模式的RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6、RCP8.5四种典型浓度路径作为未来时期的气象输入条件,并细分为9种气候变化情景。运用PSO粒子群优化算法,以KGE克林效率系数为目标函数,采用湘乡站实测径流量及MOD16蒸散发数据并行校准模型参数,通过p-factor、r-factor、R2、NSE和PBIAS评价模型模拟效果和不确定性,评价结果表明校准期及验证期蓝水绿水模拟均达到可信程度。情景分析结果表明,对比1996~2015年、2020~2049年、2050~2079年三段气候背景时期,在各RCP浓度路径下蓝水均呈现了不同程度的下降趋势,大约降低了1.4%~17.3%,绿水流均表现出一定的上升趋势,约增长3.5%~12.4%,绿水蓄量则在持续降低,大致下降了7.8%~19.7%,即使将95PPU模拟不确定性范围考虑进来,绿水流的增长趋势也较为明显。因此,将绿水资源纳入涟水流域未来水资源评价体系,实现蓝水绿水综合规划管理具有实际意义。     

我国磷石膏处置现状及绿色发展对策

磷石膏的大量堆存不仅占用土地、浪费资源,存在巨大的环境和安全风险,更与我国无废城市发展理念相违背.本文系统梳理了近年来我国磷石膏产排现状、资源化利用现状和资源化利用途径.分析了磷石膏资源化所面临的问题和挑战,主要包括政策支持不配套、标准体系不完善、技术支撑不足和产品市场竞争力弱等.提出磷石膏绿色发展应从政策扶持、技术突...     

对美军装备采购合同管理的分析与借鉴

装备采购合同管理是装备采购管理的重要组成部分,是军方依法执行合同、实现合同权利的主要手段。对美军装备合同管理进行分析,进而提出若干有益于我军装备采购合同管理的借鉴意见。     

北京绿色屋面节水灌溉技术初探

绿色屋面是城市绿化的重要组成部分。对于象北京这样的缺水城市,绿色屋面的节水灌溉不容忽视。使用节水灌溉技术、优化灌溉水源配置、根据土壤含水率科学确定灌水定额等措施可减少城市绿色屋面的耗水量。     

淡水水体中微囊藻毒素的监测技术

随着水体富营养化的日益加剧 ,有毒蓝藻水华在世界范围内频繁发生。有毒蓝藻产生的毒素对人类和动物有潜在的危害 ,迫切要求对水体中特别是饮用水源中的蓝藻毒素进行监测。微囊藻毒素是蓝藻产生的一类环状七肽 ,可以抑制蛋白磷酸酶 1和 2 A。微量微囊藻毒素还促进肿瘤的发生。简要介绍了近年来发展起来的几类微囊藻毒素监测技术 ,以期引起有关部门的重视     

用185nm UV降解水中二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿

研究了185nm紫外光降解水中二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿和总有机碳(TOC)的规律.研究了浓度、体积、流速、pH等因素对二苯甲酮的降解效果的影响.通过改变污染物初始浓度、体积、流量、pH值以及添加无机离子来讨论185nm紫外光对孔雀石绿的降解效果,探讨了降解的最佳条件.降解达到了治理水中二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿污染的目的.用这种方法降解水中二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿,去除率能够达到99.9%以上,是一种非常有效的治理污染方法.实验同时验证了185nm UV降解水中的二苯甲酮和孔雀石绿符合准一级动力学规律.