绿色食品在可持续发展战略中的地位和作用

本文以一系列详实的数据,介绍了当今世界遭受环境灾难的事实,从环境保护的角度阐明了发展绿色食品、实施绿色食品工程在可持续发展战略中的重要地位和作用     

近35a来广州城市绿色空间及破碎化时空分异

伴随城市化进程的加快,绿色空间作为城市基础性要素之一,其稀缺性和作用日益凸显。论文以1979—2014年为研究时段,基于覆盖广州市域的7个时相Landsat影像获取城市绿色空间的信息,首先分析城市绿色空间数量变化与强度,再从研究区整体、境内各行政区单元和自中心城区向外人为划定的梯度景观等不同尺度对绿色空间破碎化的时空分异进行量化研究。得到以下主要结论:城市空间自中心向外扩展蔓延;城市绿色空间总量在研究始末变化不大,但随不同的时段呈起伏变化,其中1979—1990、2000—2005年间增幅较大,分别为2.3%和5.3%,1990—2000年则降幅较大,为-2.7%。绿色空间破碎化的时空差异明显,研究区绿色空间破碎化波动变化,呈减少(1990—2000年)—增加(2000—2005年)—减少(2005—2014年)之态势;而行政区的尺度上,与中心区毗邻的番禺、白云和花都区的阶段性特点突出,破碎化程度较大;在自中心区向外围的圈层梯度景观,也同样呈现阶段性变化特点。表明经济发展与对绿色空间的重视未尽同步,未来城市的可持续发展必须足够重视和优化绿色空间。     

太湖流域治理3.0路径研究

基于对太湖流域治理不同发展阶段的实践分析,对环境库茨涅兹曲线和太湖流域水质变化对应的规律性分析,指出太湖流域治理已经进入3.0时代.文章围绕十八届五中全会提出的“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”发展理念,结合国家和江苏省“十三五”水污染防治行动计划要求以及地方实践需求,提出太湖治理3.0阶段应该在流域治理体制机制创新、环境经济和城乡统筹协调,生产及生活方式绿色转型、公众参与和生态文明建设成果共享等五个方面的具体目标和措施建议.     

Fenton试剂对孔雀绿废水的脱色处理研究

对Fenton试剂(过氧化氢与催化剂亚铁离子构成的氧化体系)氧化孔雀绿染料褪色的条件进行了研究,运用条件变化前后吸光度变化的方法,计算孔雀绿染料的脱色率,考察了过氧化氢、孔雀绿、亚铁离子的用量比例以及溶液pH值的大小、反应温度和反应时间对孔雀绿废水脱色率的影响.得出如下结论:在pH为3.0,过氧化氢浓度为4.87毫摩尔每升,亚铁离子浓度为0.12毫摩尔每升,孔雀绿浓度为12毫克每升比例条件下,30℃反应0.5小时以上,孔雀绿废水的脱色率达到99.7％.用该方法处理孔雀绿废水,操作简单、快速、消耗低、无二次污染.     

基于层次分析法和布氏矩阵的产品绿色评价研究

针对当前多数产品评价中缺少对环保因素考虑的现状,构建由环境、资源、能源和经济指标组成的产品绿色评价指标体系,提出基于层次分析法和布氏矩阵的产品绿色评价方法.运用层次分析法确定绿色评价指标的权重,运用布氏矩阵对产品设计方案进行综合绿色评价,评选出环保性能最优的产品方案,进而节约资源,降低能耗,减少环境污染.并通过车载冰箱绿色评价实例验证了该方法的实用性和有效性.     

认识电磁辐射 畅享绿色生活

电磁辐射是能量以电磁波的形式在空间传播方式,人类赖以生存的地球本身就是一个巨大的电磁场环境,由于人工电磁辐射源的应用,使得电磁场环境趋于复杂化,但只有超过国家规定的电磁环境质量标准时,才称为电磁环境污染.近来,电磁环境信访投诉事件剧增,人们需正确认识电磁辐射,才能安心工作和生活,电磁类建设项目才能更好地服务人们,才能更高效地促进社会发展.     

From socioeconomic disparity to environmental injustice: the relationship between housing unit density and community green space in a medium city in Pakistan

Rapid urbanisation, lack of proactive planning and improper allocation of resources may result in socio-economic disparity among and within cities, causing social unrest and environmental injustice in the neighbourhoods. This study aims to examine whether the planning standards for housing schemes in Pakistan are able to maintain equitable access to green spaces within the cities. Ten residential sites in Sheikhupura city with different housing unit sizes and densities were selected for the study. The supply of urban green infrastructure in housing scheme has been assessed: (i) by comparing the percentage of green spaces, including community parks and open spaces and street landscape; and (ii) by calculating per dwelling unit and per capita share of green spaces. These indicators have been studied against the housing density and population density of the schemes by applying correlation and linear regression models. The results show that all the housing schemes plans provide for similar amounts of green space as a percentage of total area. The per capita share of green spaces is very low in high-density areas, but interestingly, the street landscape has a higher potential to contribute to the overall landscape in high-density neighbourhoods, compensating for low per capita green space. Housing unit density and population density must be incorporated in planning standards so planners can effectively devise a mix of community parks, street landscape and private green spaces to help maintain per capita green spaces, and hence environmental resource equality in different parts of the city.     

煤炭产业的环境保护问题及建议

从煤炭产业所面临的产能过剩、环境污染和开发布局不合理的困境出发,说明了煤炭行业环境污染产生的途径和污染源,从经济成本、健康损失和国际影响力、竞争力方面阐释了煤炭产业绿色发展的重要性和必要性。在此基础上,进一步提出并讨论了煤炭产业绿色发展转型的三点政策建议:研发绿色开采技术、推广煤炭清洁利用技术、优化煤炭产业结构。     

The effective practices of mobile phone producers' green supply chain management in reducing GHG emissions

The aim of this study is to identify management practices that effectively reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with regard to the green supply chain adopted by mobile phone producers. Six cases were surveyed (Apple, Samsung, LG, Huawei, Nokia, and ZTE). The main source of data was sustainability reports, which were retrieved from the Global Reporting Initiative database. A special data analysis technique called rank analysis was adopted. The results revealed that the effective practices to reduce GHG 1 emissions were related to production process and business travel; those that were effective for reducing GHG 2 emissions were related to facilities accreditation and energy saving; and those effective in reducing GHG 3 emissions were related to logistics and customer practices. No effective actions related to the management of relationships with suppliers were identified by this study. Indicative models for the relationship between actions and GHG emissions were developed, as was a value‐stream map. The previous studies reporting the effective practices in other industries reported results for reducing GHG 1 or GHG 3, or overall GHG emissions, without discriminating among the actions taken to reduce such emissions, although some limited actions were reported. This study describes the effective practices along the whole supply chain—both upstream and downstream—and it also lists the actions related to addressing all the emissions, whether GHG 1, 2, or 3.     

Hybrid power supply solutions for off-grid green wireless networks

Increasing deployment of cellular networks across the globe is pushing the energy consumption in cellular networks at an exceptional rate. The integration of renewable energy (RE) harvesting technology into future mobile networks has the potential to positively cope with environmental contamination and ensure self-energy sustainability as a means to decrease fossil fuel consumption. Diesel generator (DG) in conjunction with on-site RE harvester has emerged as an economic and extent efficient option where commercial grid supply is not viable. This paper is focused on the cost aware energy management framework addressing to least net present cost (NPC) for the envisioned hybrid powered green cellular base stations (BSs) considering tempo-spatial traffic dynamics. In such wireless networks, solar photovoltaic modules are considered as a primary energy source, while the DG and energy storage device are kept as the standby supply in case of inadequate solar energy to ensure zero outage. A comprehensive simulation-based investigation is carried out in the context of downlink Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks for evaluating cost-efficiency and reliability performance under a wide range of network settings. Particularly, this paper examines the energy yield, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost analysis based on the optimal architecture of Remote Radio Head-enabled LTE BS. Moreover, wireless network performance in terms of throughput, energy efficiency gain, and radio efficiency is thoroughly investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical results demonstrate a substantial reduction of carbon footprints with minimum NPC while satisfying the quality of service requirements.