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71.
通过实验模拟烟气,观察SO_2在一种特殊的脉冲电晕放电等离子体环境中的氧化变化过程,研究了烟气温度、SO_2初始浓度等参数对SO_2氧化率、单位能量氧化量的影响规律。  相似文献   
72.
Many proposed activities formitigating global warming in the land-use change and forestry(LUCF) sector differ from measures to avoid fossilfuel emissions because carbon (C) may be held out ofthe atmosphere only temporarily. In addition, thetiming of the effects is usually different. Many LUCFactivities alter C fluxes to and from the atmosphereseveral decades into the future, whereas fossil fuelemissions avoidance has immediate effects. Non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are animportant part of emissions from deforestation inlow-latitude regions, also pose complications forcomparisons between fossil fuel and LUCF, since themechanism generally used to compare these gases(global warming potentials) assumes simultaneousemissions. A common numeraire is needed to expressglobal warming mitigation benefits of different kindsof projects, such as fossil fuel emissions reduction,C sequestration in forest plantations, avoideddeforestation by creating protected areas and throughpolicy changes to slow rates of land-use changes suchas clearing. Megagram (Mg)-year (also known as`ton-year') accounting provides a mechanism forexpressing the benefits of activities such as these ona consistent basis. One can calculate the atmosphericload of each GHG that will be present in each year,expressed as C in the form of CO2 and itsinstantaneous impact equivalent contributed by othergases. The atmospheric load of CO2-equivalent Cpresent over a time horizon is a possible indicator ofthe climatic impact of the emission that placed thisload in the atmosphere. Conversely, this index alsoprovides a measure of the benefit of notproducing the emission. One accounting methodcompares sequestered CO2 in trees with theCO2 that would be in the atmosphere had thesequestration project not been undertaken, whileanother method (used in this paper) compares theatmospheric load of C (or equivalent in non-CO2GHGs) in both project and no-project scenarios.Time preference, expressed by means of a discount rateon C, can be applied to Mg-year equivalencecalculations to allow societal decisions regarding thevalue of time to be integrated into the system forcalculating global warming impacts and benefits. Giving a high value to time, either by raising thediscount rate or by shortening the time horizon,increases the value attributed to temporarysequestration (such as many forest plantationprojects). A high value for time also favorsmitigation measures that have rapid effects (such asslowing deforestation rates) as compared to measuresthat only affect emissions years in the future (suchas creating protected areas in countries with largeareas of remaining forest). Decisions on temporalissues will guide mitigation efforts towards optionsthat may or may not be desirable on the basis ofsocial and environmental effects in spheres other thanglobal warming. How sustainable development criteriaare incorporated into the approval and creditingsystems for activities under the Kyoto Protocol willdetermine the overall environmental and social impactsof pending decisions on temporal issues.  相似文献   
73.
利用逆向轨迹反演模式估算北京地区甲烷源强   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
利用连续监测的大气甲烷浓度数据和拉格朗日逆向轨迹反演模式估算出北京甲烷源排放强度,并与根据最新调查数据建立的北京地区甲烷源排放清单进行了比较。排放清单结果表明,北京地区甲烷排放总量为296.4Gg/a,其中,最主要的甲烷排放源为城市垃圾和化石燃料,反映了北京作为一特大城市甲烷排放以人为源为主的特点。利用2000年6月至12月连续观测的有湿合层代表性的北京大气甲烷浓度,通过奇异值分解法(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)反演出模拟区域的甲烷排放源强度和分布。模式计算与排放清单在甲烷源定性分布上对应较好,定量结果也是合理的。但由于可输入的气象数据有限,轨迹在整个模拟区域内覆盖不均匀,反演出的源块位置有偏差,其中偏差最大的为煤矿的甲烷排放。  相似文献   
74.
75.
研究了操作参数对活性炭固定床处理有机废气的影响。温度升高,吸附容量下降。湿度的存在会减少活性炭对有机物的吸附容量。适当的操作气速为0.1-0.5m/s,在此范围内,气速与压降在对数坐标上呈线性关系。  相似文献   
76.
Yacob S  Hassan MA  Shirai Y  Wakisaka M  Subash S 《Chemosphere》2005,59(11):1575-1581
Anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and CH4 has been recognized as one of the main causes of global warming. Several measures under the Kyoto Protocol 1997 have been drawn up to reduce the greenhouse gases emission. One of the measures is Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) that was created to enable developed countries to cooperate with developing countries in emission reduction activities. In Malaysia, palm oil industry particularly from palm oil mill effluent (POME) anaerobic treatment has been identified as an important source of CH4. However, there is no study to quantify the actual CH4 emission from the commercial scale wastewater treatment facility. Hence, this paper shall address the CH4 emission from the open digesting tanks in Felda Serting Hilir Palm Oil Mill. CH4 emission pattern was recorded for 52 weeks from 3600 m3 open digesting tanks. The findings indicated that the CH4 content was between 13.5% and 49.0% which was lower than the value of 65% reported earlier. The biogas flow rate ranged between 0.8 l min−1 m−2 and 9.8 l min−1 m−2. Total CH4 emission per open digesting tank was 518.9 kg day−1. Relationships between CH4 emission and total carbon removal and POME discharged were also discussed. Fluctuation of biogas production was observed throughout the studies as a result of seasonal oil palm cropping, mill activities, variation of POME quality and quantity discharged from the mill. Thus only through long-term field measurement CH4 emission can be accurately estimated.  相似文献   
77.
一种新型烟气脱硫技术在燃煤锅炉上的扩大试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
介绍了用硫化碱加TFS添加剂进行燃煤锅炉煤气脱硫并副产硫代硫酸钠的中试成果。  相似文献   
78.
在介绍硫的生物地球化学循环的基础上,概述了几种挥发性有机硫气体DMS,COS,MSH,CS2和DMDS从各种自然源(主要是生物源)释放的情况,着重阐述了陆地生态系统中各种生物硫源的释放情况,列举了测定这些释放的硫通量的方法,并且对有机硫气体的大气行为及环境影响也作了论述。  相似文献   
79.
蒋越  周楫  杨雨浛  陈宏  张成 《中国环境科学》2018,38(10):3788-3794
采用田间试验,施用2种城市污泥堆肥(含生物质炭和不含生物质炭),通过静态暗箱-气相色谱法研究污泥堆肥土地利用过程温室气体排放特征,探讨施用污泥堆肥的短期影响作用.结果表明,在观测时间内,N2O排放主要集中在前3周,约占总排放量的87.9%~95.6%.N2O排放量均随污泥堆肥施用量的增加而增加(P<0.05),裸地N2O排放量高于种植作物处理.施用含生物质炭污泥堆肥能减少土壤N2O排放,且随着施用量的增加,N2O减少量越大(P<0.05).CH4排放量较低,在试验前期和后期主要为负,总体表现为吸收CH4.各处理吸收CH4主要集中在第18d以后,其CH4吸收量占总吸收量的52.1%~66.7%.施用含生物质炭污泥堆肥处理CH4吸收量比不含生物质炭污泥堆肥处理低35.2%~62.2%,同时,裸地CH4吸收量明显高于种植作物处理(P<0.05).CO2排放也主要集中在18d以后,约占排放总量的50.5%~61.8%.种植作物能促进CO2的排放,种植作物处理是裸地的1.34~1.57倍.在观测时间内,污泥堆肥土地利用是CH4的弱吸收汇,是N2O和CO2的排放源,施加污泥堆肥能显著增加土壤N2O和CO2的排放.施用生物质炭污泥堆肥短期内能够减少温室气体总排放量,温室气体减排量达到20.41%~62.51%.  相似文献   
80.
我国典型露地蔬菜生产中的温室气体排放   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张芬  程泰鸿  陈新平  王孝忠 《环境科学》2020,41(7):3410-3417
基于国家农业统计数据,以露地番茄、黄瓜、大白菜和萝卜为研究对象,应用生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法,定量化我国4种典型露地蔬菜生产中的净温室气体排放(net greenhouse gas emission,NGHGE),并比较蔬菜种类间、省域间净温室气体排放差异和分析减排措施.结果表明:我国典型露地蔬菜生产系统温室气体排放量远高于其带来的碳固定量,是净温室气体排放系统,生产单位面积露地番茄、黄瓜、大白菜和萝卜净温室气体排放(以CO_2-eq计)分别为4 149、 3 718、 3 780和2 427 kg·hm~(-2),不同种类露地蔬菜净温室气体排放差异大;我国典型露地蔬菜净温室气体排放空间差异大,其中,海南、云南、陕西和山东等省份番茄、黄瓜、大白菜和萝卜净温室气体排放高;肥料生产运输和施用是露地蔬菜温室气体排放的主要贡献因子,贡献率为86.8%~90.8%,因此改善肥料生产工艺降低肥料生产运输过程中的温室气体排放和根据露地蔬菜种类及种植地区优化肥料施用量是实现我国露地蔬菜可持续发展的重要措施.  相似文献   
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