环境污染与经济发展关系实证研究的文献综述

主要对国内外环境污染与经济发展关系的相关文献进行了系统的梳理,在对环境库滋涅茨曲线进行探讨的基础上,归纳了国内外环境污染与经济发展关系实证研究的现状,总结了环境污染与经济发展关系实证研究的主要方法,讨论了环境污染与经济增长之间的潜在关系的类型、相互影响因素、过程机理和描述方法,探究了针对环境污染防治的政策等方面的内容.最后对已有的文献研究进行简单的回顾性综述,对环境污染与经济发展关系实证研究的前景进行了展望.     

基于半参数面板数据模型的江苏省经济增长与水污染排放关系实证研究

本文以江苏省为研究区域,采用1990—2013年江苏省市级面板数据,基于单位根检验和面板协整检验,运用可拓展的随机性环境影响评估模型(STIRPAT)和参数、半参数固定效应回归方法,对经济增长与工业COD排放之间的关系展开研究。研究发现,江苏省经济增长与工业COD排放之间存在倒U形曲线关系,即全省工业COD排放随经济的发展呈现先增长后降低的趋势,同时人口增长对水污染物排放影响很大,二者之间的环境库兹涅茨曲线表明了经济持续发展能够协调并能解决其与水污染排放之间的困境。本研究丰富了社会经济发展与水污染关系在市级尺度层面的实证研究,为"十三五"期间江苏省水污染治理提供了政策依据。     

Planning for compact urban forms: local growth-management approaches and their evolution over time

Urban growth is a key issue for spatial planning as it influences urban patterns and disrupts open landscapes. To effectively steer urban growth towards compact urban forms, many growth-management policies have been developed over recent decades. However, few studies have assessed how municipal policy mixes have evolved over time. In our representative Swiss-wide survey, we evaluated the prevalence and the time of introduction of 18 policies. Our results indicate that large municipalities use a broad range of reinforcing policies over decades. In contrast, small municipalities mostly rely on conventional land-use regulations. The lack of innovative, incentive-based policies casts doubt on small municipalities' ability to effectively manage urban growth. However, our analyses reveal recent efforts by small municipalities to diversify approaches to growth management and adopt innovative policies. These efforts should be supported by guiding small municipalities in their policy choices, and providing support to those lacking planning capacity.     

两种粒径氧化镍纳米颗粒对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生物毒性

采用藻类生物毒性测试方法(OECD201)研究了两种粒径氧化镍(NiO)纳米颗粒对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生物毒性.发现纳米颗粒的毒性与其尺度有关,7 nm NiO的毒性大于20 nm NiO,二者72 h EC50分别为18.01和74.64mgNiO/L.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了对...     

1株草除灵高效降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水处理池的活性污泥中分离得到1株能以草除灵为唯一碳源生长的菌株.经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为Methyloversatilis sp.,命名为MBLHC-2.对菌株MBLHC-2的生长特性研究表明,液体培养时,菌株呈絮状生长;在30℃、pH 8.0的R2A培养基中生长...     

镉对作物种子萌发、幼苗生长及氧化酶同工酶的影响

本文研究了镉对四种作物的某些影响.玉米和西葫幼苗生长受镉抑制明显,根内POD同工酶谱带比对照减少.旱萝卜幼苗生长虽也受抑,但根内POD没有变化.沙窝青萝卜和西葫幼苗根内COD同工酶谱带也比对照减少,这似乎也与镉害有关.     

采伐迹地青()和云杉两种人工群落生长规律的初步研究

研究了采伐迹地32a生的青(x)(Picea wilsonii)和29 a生的云杉(Picea asperata)两种人工群落平均木地径(Db/cm)、胸径(DBH/cm)、树高(h/m)、生物量(Vind/m3)以及群落的生物量(V/m3hm-2)生长过程,探讨了两群落的生物量和两种群个体数分布规律.主要结果为:①云杉的平均带皮地径(Dbb/cm)、带皮胸径(DBHb/cm)、平均h和Vind分别为16.3、12.9、9.14、0.05908,而青的则分别为8.1、5.2、5.65、0.00571.②云杉和青群落的V/m3.hm-2分别是155.09和23.55.③云杉Db、DBH、h、和Vind生长高峰期分别在树龄10～16 a、14～18 a、20～24 a和20 a;而青(x)的上述值生长高峰期则分别在树龄24 a、18～22 a、20～24 a和32 a.④按胸径级分布,云杉和青(x)群落中胸径＜13 cm的个体的V分别占各群落总生物量(Vt)的25.51%和100%;其个体数分别占各群落总个体数的58.74%和100%.⑤按生长级分布,云杉和青群落的I、II级木的V分别占各群落Vt的90%和57.64%;其个体数分别占各群落总个体数的63.7%和22.08%.     

生长调节物质对益母草总生物碱积累的调控

本文对益母草进行了没生长调节物质的田间喷施处理,追踪生长调节物质对益母草总生物碱积累的影响效应。     

COMPARISON OF DESIGN STORM CONCEPTS USING CONTINUOUS SIMULATION WITH SHORT DURATION STORMS1

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this paper were to test the ability of various design storm distributions to simulate the actual rainfall pattern and to compare the runoff rates used in the design of stormwater management devices in the State of Florida using continuous simulation approach. The analyses were performed for four gaged stations to evaluate the applicability of design storm distributions in different parts of the State of Florida. The approach used in this study compared the peak runoff rates from design storms based on the various distributions to those that would result from actual rainfall events. A series of continuous runoff rates were developed through the use of actual fifteen-minute recorded rainfall data, Horton type infiltration decay and recovery rate, and a continuous simulation model. The runoff rates were analyzed using frequency distributions to obtain peak runoff rates associated with different return periods based on the assumption that the continuous simulation approach closely predicts the actual runoff rates from the gaged stations. The results show that the behavior of the design storm distributions varies for different watershed characteristics in different parts of the state. The study also suggests that in general the Florida Department of Transportation and the Suwanne River Water Management (FDOT/ SRWMD) distributions appeared to agree with the continuous simulation results.