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291.
Robert L. McLaughlin Moira M. Ferguson David L. G. Noakes 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(5):386-395
Some recently emerged brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting still-water pools along the sides of streams are sedentary and eat crustaceans from the lower portion of the
water column. Others are more active and eat insects from the upper portion of the water column. We provide evidence that
this divergent foraging behavior reflects short-term divergent selection brought about by intraspecific competition in the
presence of alternative food sources. Rates of encounters and interactions between individuals were density dependent, and
encounter and interaction events were closely timed with prey capture attempts. In addition, aggressive fish made more foraging
attempts per minute than nonaggressive fish. Aggressive fish were also either inactive or very active, while nonaggressive
fish exhibited intermediate levels of activity. Growth rate potential, an important component of fitness during the early
life stages of brook charr, was assessed using tissue concentrations of RNA and found to be highest for sedentary fish and
for active fish making frequent foraging attempts, and lower for fish exhibiting intermediate levels of activity. Our findings
support contentions that individual behavior plays an important role during initial steps in the evolution of resource polymorphisms.
Received: 27 July 1998 / Accepted after revision: 16 November 1998 相似文献
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低溶解氧对苦草生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对太湖梅梁湾生态净化示范区内重建的沉水植物存在的腐烂死亡问题及伴随的底层水体溶解氧偏低现象,在室外模拟生态系统内进行了低氧对沉水植物(苦草)生长的影响试验。结果表明:无论沉积物类型如何,一个月的低氧处理(溶解氧平均值为1.6 mg/L)对苦草株重、株高、分蘖数及叶片数等指标的影响均不明显,对块茎的影响则较显著,表现为块茎数量与重量显著下降。对岸边沉积物处理组而言,低氧对苦草根系的影响显著,表现为根须变细且数量增加,根系活力明显下降,中心沉积物处理组则不显著。同时,低氧处理使岸边沉积物处理组的沉积物氧化还原电位显著下降、水体营养盐浓度上升,尤其是磷酸盐浓度显著增加,中心沉积物处理组的环境理化因子变幅则相对较小。分析认为,低氧对苦草生长的影响虽不明显,但对其种群扩张有潜在的不利作用;梅梁湾生态净化示范区内沉水植物的腐烂死亡,低氧的作用是次要或间接的。 相似文献
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If unauthorized resource use is prevented, managing marine resources by allocating property rights may match economic and environmental conservation incentives. However, because of the developing exploitation of marine resources and accompanying pollution, species' living conditions in Europe's waters are changing more quickly than before. By considering the roles of fisheries productivity, intellectual property rights, intellectual capital rights, market size, governance, and economic growth from 1990 to 2022, this paper aims to investigate the dynamic effect of property rights factors on the sustainability of the fisheries industry in 27 European countries. At higher quantiles, the findings showed a significant positive association between governance and fisheries sustainability adopting a new method, the MMQR with fixed effects, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression. In addition, in EU27 nations, the impact of intellectual property rights was favorable and statistically significant from the first to ninth quantiles. The findings show that the EU14 developed nations have more excellent governance and intellectual capital rights than the EU13 developing countries, significantly benefiting fisheries sustainability. In the same way that market size and economic growth condense fisheries sustainability in EU14 developed and EU13 developing countries, it has been discovered that intellectual property rights do the same across all quantiles, supporting the growth hypothesis for fisheries-producing countries. The findings specifically show that the beneficial solid impact of intellectual property rights, market size, and economic development on the sustainability of fisheries is more significant in EU13 developing nations than in EU14 developed countries. These results provide policymakers with helpful information for promoting property rights aspects in EU14 and EU13 nations via effective green technologies in the fisheries sector to meet sustainable development objectives. 相似文献
297.
等效阻尼比是基于位移抗震设计中确定等效周期的一个关键参数。通过对不同研究者提出的等效阻尼比模型进行比较研究,重点讨论了滞回模型、延性系数和等效周期对等效阻尼比的影响。结果表明,不同等效阻尼比模型的总体变化趋势是一致的;滞回模型对等效阻尼比有很大影响,Ramberg-Osgood模型的等效阻尼比是Flagshaped模型的2.56倍;等效阻尼比随着延性系数的增大而增大,尤其在μ=2~4范围内变化幅度最大;短周期与中长周期等效阻尼比相差2倍多,故等效周期小于1 s时,必须考虑其对等效阻尼比的影响。 相似文献
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以淀粉生产废水为原料制备微生物絮凝剂,考察了外加磷酸盐、氮源对微生物絮凝剂产量和絮凝活性的影响,分析了絮凝菌的生长与代谢特征,检测了发酵过程中pH值、COD、氨氮、及总磷的变化规律,分别利用Logistic和Luedeking-Piret模型对絮凝菌生长和代谢产物生成的动力学过程进行了拟合,并探索了微生物絮凝剂对淀粉废水的絮凝沉降性能.结果表明,外加6g/L的磷酸盐(K2HPO4:KH2PO4=2:1,w/w)和2g/L的尿素,所制备微生物絮凝剂的产量和絮凝活性分别显著提高至0.96g/L和92.8%.在对数生长期,菌体干重、细胞浓度OD600和菌落数分别迅速增加至1.58g/L、0.86和5.3×107cfu/mL,淀粉废水培养基的COD、氨氮、总磷分别由7836、975、712mg/L迅速降低至1736、188、146mg/L. 絮凝菌发酵结束后,发酵培养基的pH值由6.8略降至6.5.絮凝菌代谢获得的微生物絮凝剂中多糖含量为96.2%,基本不含蛋白质.Logistic和Luedeking-Piret模型的拟合结果能够较好地描述絮凝菌生长和代谢产物生成的动力学过程.此外,本实验制备的微生物絮凝剂在投加量为30mg/L时,能够去除淀粉废水中48.6%的COD和71.9%的浊度. 相似文献
300.
Francesco Massart Flora Micillo Gaetano Rivezzi Laura Perrone Angelo Baggiani Mario Miccoli 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(1):128-136
The mycotoxin zearalenone exhibits estrogenic and anabolic properties in several animal species, humans included. Food contamination by zearalenone is caused either by direct contamination of grains, fruits, and their based-products or by “carry-over” of mycotoxins in animal tissues, milk, and eggs after intake of contaminated feedstuff. Now, a survey on zearalenone contamination in breast milk of healthy primiparous women living in the Naples countryside was conducted. From 47 healthy primiparous women, breast milk samples were collected within the first six weeks after delivery as well as clinical data of mother–newborn pairs. Breast milk analyses were performed with both competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. At 36.9 ± 2.6 days after vaginal delivery, the mean zearalenone contents of the breast milk samples were 1.13 ± 0.34 µg/L. The zearalenone levels correlated with both mother weights before pregnancy (r = ?0.506; P < 0.001) and at delivery (r = ?0.351; P < 0.05). The present results indicate that breast milk may be contaminated with zearalenone. 相似文献