企业安全生产标准化体系的成长性态诊断

为了诊断企业安全生产标准化体系成长性态,将安全生产标准化内化为企业的安全管理方法,基于过程管理的基本理论,按照行为特性与工作流程,从策划行为域、实施行为域、可信度行为域3个层次界定安全生产标准化的体系结构;其次,从成熟度级别、共同特性和通用活动3个构成要素划分成长性态层次结构;然后,将安全生产标准化的体系结构和成长性态层次标识为企业安全生产标准化水平的二维结构,提出基于模糊区间的安全生产标准化体系成长性态诊断方法.结果表明,调查企业的安全生产标准化体系成长性态诊断结果位于规范级,但存在不平衡问题,在评估与确立安全目标、安全培训、细化安全目标要求、交底与配备资源和可信度论据等方面诊断值较低,需要加以改进.     

长三角地区人口密度模型及增长模式:1982～2010

基于熵值法对上海、南京和杭州影响力进行综合评价,运用Arc GIS点距离工具测算各空间单元到沪宁杭的距离,然后借鉴重力模型,将长三角地区划分为以上海、南京和杭州为中心的3个城市经济区,并进行区域人口密度模型拟合。相比线性、指数和乘幂模型,对数模型能更好地拟合经济区内各县、县级市或市辖区人口密度与其到各自经济区中心距离的关系。而相比上述基础模型,基于基础模型的二次模型拟合的判定系数更高,拟合效果更好。其中,对数二次模型拟合的判定系数最高,且明显优于基础模型。基于对数二次模型的人口密度变动的空间差异,沪、宁、杭经济区增长模式可以总结为"强向心集聚"和"近域扩散",但不同区域不同时段增长模式存在差异。     

Predicting Extinction Risk of Brazilian Atlantic Forest Angiosperms

Understanding how plant life history affects species vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances and environmental change is a major ecological challenge. We examined how vegetation type, growth form, and geographic range size relate to extinction risk throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest domain. We used a database containing species‐level information of 6,929 angiosperms within 112 families and a molecular‐based working phylogeny. We used decision trees, standard regression, and phylogenetic regression to explore the relationships between species attributes and extinction risk. We found a significant phylogenetic signal in extinction risk. Vegetation type, growth form, and geographic range size were related to species extinction risk, but the effect of growth form was not evident after phylogeny was controlled for. Species restricted to either rocky outcrops or scrub vegetation on sandy coastal plains exhibited the highest extinction risk among vegetation types, a finding that supports the hypothesis that species adapted to resource‐limited environments are more vulnerable to extinction. Among growth forms, epiphytes were associated with the highest extinction risk in non‐phylogenetic regression models, followed by trees, whereas shrubs and climbers were associated with lower extinction risk. However, the higher extinction risk of epiphytes was not significant after correcting for phylogenetic relatedness. Our findings provide new indicators of extinction risk and insights into the mechanisms governing plant vulnerability to extinction in a highly diverse flora where human disturbances are both frequent and widespread. Predicción del Riesgo de Extinción de Angiospermas del Bosque Atlántico Brasileño     

Thailand’s economic growth and structural development projections in the context of environmental control

Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios: (1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors, (2) finite land supply, (3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals, and (4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals. The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization. The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.     

Numerical simulation of alga growth and control in Dalian Bay

WAHMO model was used to simulate the distribution of pollutants in Dalian Bay, China as to predict well as the growth and control of alga. The observed and predicted values of main pollutants showed a good trend at all study locations and the different between them can be ignored. Simulation results illustrated that phosphate was one of limited factors to control algal growth at the location near the sewage outfall, meanwhile, away from the sewage outfall, the synergy of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate was the limited factor.     

中国“十一五”期间污染减排费用-效益分析

为了定量评估“十一五”期间COD、SO2两项主要污染物减排的综合绩效,采用费用-效益分析方法对COD、SO2的减排费用和减排效益进行了计算.减排费用的计算主要基于现有的统计数据,包括工业污染源治理投入、城市环境基础设施建设投入、污染治理设施运行费用3部分.减排效益的计算思路则为:由于污染减排的直接效果体现为污染物排放量的减少,而污染排放量的减少将导致环境污染损失的减少,因此,将由于实施污染减排政策减少污染排放而降低的“环境污染损失”来等同“污染减排效益”.经过计算可知,“十一五”期间,COD、SO2的静态削减率分别为12.45％和14.29％,动态削减率分别为59.05％和86.83％.采用费用-效益分析方法计算得到“十一五”期间全国污染减排的总费用为6324.87亿元,总效益为33284.86亿元,净效益为26959.48亿元,费用效益比为5.26.结果表明,“十一五”期间,全国2项污染物减排的环境效益和经济效益显著.     

城市生活垃圾填埋场建设项目的环境监理探究

生活垃圾填埋场在施工期和运营期会产生废气、废水、噪声等环境污染,本研究结合监理行业现状和城市生活垃圾填埋场建设项目的特点,重点探讨了项目施工期和运营期环境监理的内容与方法。     

聚苯乙烯微塑料对小白菜生长、生理生化及冠层温度特性的影响

揭示小白菜（Brassica chinensis L.）微塑料胁迫响应特征,为微塑料污染生理生态机制阐释以及微塑料污染土壤生物修复提供理论基础与实验参考.通过室内水培实验,研究不同粒径（100 nm和1000 nm）聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS-MPs）胁迫对小白菜生长发育、光合生理、抗氧化酶活性、营养品质、解剖结构和冠层群体温度的影响效应.结果表明,PS-MPs （100 nm和1000 nm）胁迫均显著抑制小白菜生长发育和光合生理过程,其叶片数、株高、叶面积和生物量等表型指标以及叶绿素a （Chl-a）、叶绿素b （Chl-b）、叶绿素a+b （Chl-a+b）、类胡萝卜素（Car）和光合特性等均随PS-MPs胁迫增加而显著降低.同时,PS-MPs胁迫显著增强了小白菜氧化应激反应能力.随PS-MPs胁迫增强,叶片过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势.PS-MPs胁迫降低了小白菜叶片厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅栏组织厚度.此外,PS-MPs胁迫显著提升了小白菜叶片植株冠层群体温度.综上,PS-MPs胁迫对小白菜生长发育及理化特性均具有明显的抑制作用和毒性损伤.     

服务业对资源枯竭城市转型的经济增长效应——基于23座地级市的面板数据

实现经济平稳健康增长是当前资源枯竭城市转型的重要目标之一,以服务业为驱动的发展模式对于提高经济增长、促进就业具有重要意义。基于2001—2018年中国23座资源枯竭城市面板数据,运用固定效应模型、门槛模型等探究服务业对资源枯竭城市转型的经济增长效应。结果表明：（1）服务业在不同时期对城市转型的经济效应存在差异,随发展水平提升呈现“促进—抑制—促进”变化趋势;（2）生产性服务业在不同时期对城市转型的经济效应存在“负向—正向—负向”演变趋势,生活性服务业随发展水平提升呈现“抑制—促进—抑制”的效应变动;（3）交通运输等传统服务业部门对城市转型的经济效应为负向,信息传输等高端服务业部门的效应为正向;（4）服务业对煤炭型和森工型城市转型的经济效应显著为正。     

Selection of water source for water transfer based on algal growth potential to prevent algal blooms

Water transfer is becoming a popular method for solving the problems of water quality deterioration and water level drawdown in lakes. However, the principle of choosing water sources for water transfer projects has mainly been based on the effects on water quality, which neglects the influence in the variation of phytoplankton community and the risk of algal blooms. In this study, algal growth potential (AGP) test was applied to predict changes in the phytoplankton community caused by water transfer projects. The feasibility of proposed water transfer sources (Baqing River and Jinsha River) was assessed through the changes in both water quality and phytoplankton community in Chenghai Lake, Southwest China. The results showed that the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Chenghai Lake could be decreased to 0.52 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively with the simulated water transfer source of Jinsha River. The algal cell density could be reduced by 60%, and the phytoplankton community would become relatively stable with the Jinsha River water transfer project, and the dominant species of Anabaena cylindrica evolved into Anabaenopsis arnoldii due to the species competition. However, the risk of algal blooms would be increased after the Baqing River water transfer project even with the improved water quality. Algae gained faster proliferation with the same dominant species in water transfer source. Therefore, water transfer projects should be assessed from not only the variation of water quality but also the risk of algal blooms.