Estrogenic effects of water from the Yangtze River （Nanjing section） on goldfish （Carassius auratus） after an early life stage exposure

Effects of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) on fish development, vitellogenin (VTG) induction, gonado-somatic index (GSI) and sex ratio were investigated by exposing goldfish (Carassius auratus) in the early life stage (from fertilization to 28 days post-hatch) to water samples (25%, 50% and 100%) collected from three representative sections. The results showed that there was no significant effect on hatching success for any of the exposure groups, but survival was significantly reduced when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Body lengths, weights of all treated fish did not differ significantly from those of the control. Condition factors (CF) of larval fish exposed to 50% and 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section were significantly lower than that of the control (P< 0.05). VTG inductions were significant in larval fish exposed to all the dilution series of river water. No significant difference in CF value was observed in any exposure group after 150 days of depuration. VTG was fully eliminated after 75 days of depuration. For both female and male, GSI did not significantly differ between exposure groups and the control after 150 days of convalescence. The highest female:male ratios were observed in response to the treatment with 50% or 100% river water from the Jiangxinzhou section and 100% river water from the Daqiao section (53:47, 56:44 and 54:46, respectively), but no significant difference in sex ratio was observed in any treated group when compared to the control. The results showed that early life stage exposure of river water from the Yangtze River (Nanjing section) had adverse effects on goldfish development and reproductive health, and the effects on CF and VTG were reversible after depuration in clean water.     

不同喜树碱制剂对普通小球藻的毒性比较

以普通小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）为试验材料,连续10d测定了新型生物农药喜树碱3种不同的制剂对普通小球藻的毒性.结果表明：0.2%喜树碱乳油对普通小球藻毒性最高（EC50值在0.0368～0.2547mg.L-1）,其中第3天的EC50值最小为0.0368mg.L-1;0.5%喜树碱钠盐的毒性较低（...     

采煤驱动下潘谢矿区水体演变及其景观生态效应

基于Landsat数据利用水体指数、波段运算和阈值法提取了淮南潘谢矿区1979、1987、2000及2006年水体信息,结合矿井采掘工程布置识别了塌陷水体与自然水体.面积统计结果表明1979年自然水体、塌陷水体面积最小,1980年后农田水利工程、开挖鱼塘、取土烧砖等人为活动导致后期自然水体面积增大;矿区内井工采煤导致塌...     

Phytotoxicity of cadmium on protein, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities in growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedlings

Phytotoxicity of cadmium on growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedlings was studied. Seeds were exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μmol/L CdCl2 concentrations, for a period of 10, 15, 20 and 25 d. The extent of damage to chlorophyll, protein, proline, nitrate and nitrite reductase, antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves and roots were evaluated after 10 d of cadmium stress. The higher concentration of cadmium （100 μmol/L） resulted （leaves and roots） total chlorophyll 91.01%, protein 79.51%, 83.61%, nitrate reductase 79.39%, 80.72% and nitrite reductase 77.07%, 75.88% activity decreased with increase in cadmium concentrations and exposure periods. Cadmium caused significant changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Contrastingly Cd treated plant tissues showed an increase in proline 159.87%, 239.6%, gluthion reductase （GR） 337.72%, 306.14%, superoxide disumutase （SOD） 688.56%, 381.72%, ascorbate peroxidase （APX） 226.47%, 252.14%, peroxidase （POD） 72.19%, 60.29% and catalase （CAT） 228.96%, 214.74% as compared to control. Cadmium stress caused a significant increase in the rate of SOD activity in leaves and roots of plant species. Results show the crop A. hypogaea is highly sensitive even at very low cadmium concentrations.     

非均相体系中三氯生的敏化光降解研究

采用光敏剂亚甲基蓝(Methylene Blue,MB)固定在阳离子树脂(R)上,在非均相体系中,对可见光光照催化降解三氯生(2,4,4’-三氯-2-羟基二苯醚,Tricosan,TCS)进行了研究。探讨了MB在树脂上的负载量、MB-R的投加量、TCS的初始浓度对降解效率的影响,并对固定化光敏剂的可重复利用性做了初步研究。通过对光降解影响因素和降解产物的分析,认为在非均相体系中单线态氧的氧化作用是TCS降解的主要途径。     

催化湿式氧化法降解活性艳蓝的研究

以Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3为催化剂的非均相催化氧化体系处理活性艳蓝KN-R。考察了反应时间、反应温度、pH和Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3投加量等因素对降解效果的影响。结果表明,染料初始浓度为200mg/L时,在温度150℃、压力0.5MPa、H2O233mg/L、pH=6,反应时间1h,Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3投加量为8g/L的最佳条件下,活性艳蓝KN-R色度几乎完全去除,TOC和COD去除率分别为95.6%和82.5%。     

废水处理中高级氧化非均相催化剂的研究进展

催化氧化技术是近年来广泛应用于废水领域,处理有毒有害且难生物降解污染物的一种新型高级氧化技术。文章在查阅了国内外大量文献的基础上,概述了催化氧化技术的最新进展,着重阐述了近年来催化氧化法中有关催化剂的研究进展和方向,同时将催化氧化法与其它废水处理方法比较,并举例说明了催化氧化法在工业废水处理中的应用。     

非均相Fenton技术降解有机污染物的研究进展

Fenton技术在处理难降解有机物的研究中被广泛应用,较之于传统均相Fenton体系,非均相Fenton体系具有适应pH值宽、催化剂易分离回收、不易产生铁污泥等优点,已成为近年来Fenton技术领域的研究热点。文章简述了Fenton技术的发展历程,重点评述了非均相Fenton技术的研究进展。     

Two-dimensional numerical and eco-toxicological modeling of chemical spills

The effects of chemical spills on aquatic nontarget organisms were evaluated in this study. Based on a review of three types of current eco-toxicological models of chemicals, i.e., ACQUATOX model of the US-EPA, Hudson River Model of PCBs, and critical body residual (CBR) model and dynamic energy budget (DEBtox) model, this paper presents an uncoupled numerical ecotoxicological model. The transport and transformation of spilled chemicals were simulated by a chemical transport model (including flow and sediment transport), and the mortalities of an organism caused by the chemicals were simulated by the extended threshold damage model, separately. Due to extreme scarcity of data, this model was applied to two hypothetical cases of chemical spills happening upstream of a lake. Theoretical analysis and simulated results indicated that this model is capable of reasonably predicting the acute effects of chemical spills on aquatic ecosystems or organism killings.     

三峡库区地质灾害防治的经济效益探析——以湖北省秭归县为例

在回顾和评述防灾减灾经济效益评价方面的理论研究基础上,以秭归县为例分析了三峡库区地质灾害防治的经济效益,认为国家对三峡库区投入的地质灾害治理资金发挥巨大的经济效益,保障了库区人民的生命财产安全,并指出了目前灾害防治经济效益评价中的不足。