环境影响评价中的"风险评价"实例

环境风险评价在当今环境影响评价中逐渐引起重视，通过对年产30万t磷酸及年产60万t磷铵项目中设计的磷石膏渣场进行的风险评价实例，运用风险评价方法进行了事故分析，并预测了事故发生的风险及后果，提出减缓措施，为项目安全运行提供一定理论依据，同时可为类似项目的风险评价提供参考。     

主成份分析法在大气环境质量综合评价中的应用

介绍了主成份分析法评价大气环境质量的基本原理，并对某市的大气环境质量进行了综合评价。最后，与其它方法的评价结果进行了对比分析，进一步证实了主成份分析法的科学性、合理性。     

矩阵法在环境影响评价中的应用

以唐山市亚行贷款环保项目的环境影响评价为例，说明应用矩阵法的内容、特点和不足     

区域(城市)水体中主要有机毒物的筛选

本研究发展了区域(或城市)水体中主要有毒化学品的筛选方法。 在城市下游采集大体积水样,用CH_2Cl_2洗脱,再用有机溶剂萃取,用硅胶柱把有机物分成许多馏分,馏分最终变为水溶液。每个馏分中有机物浓度比原水大1000倍。用这种馏分水溶液进行溞的急性毒性试验和Ames试验。只对毒性大的馏分进行色谱/质谱/数据系统的鉴定和定量分析,然后根据各个化合物的急性毒性、降解难易和“三致”物质的资料及原水样中有机物的浓度资料,就可筛选出一个区域(城市)水体中的主要有毒化学品。     

建设项目实施过程中的可行性研究与环境影响评价

作者根据多年的工作实践，分析了目前建设项目可行性研究与环境影响评价工作中存在的一些问题。提出了编写环境影响评价报告时如何有效地利用建设项目的可行性研究报告文本，以及在没有可行性研究报告的情况下怎样使环境影响评价报告能够准确地反映建设项目的环境问题，进而保证环境影响报告书的质量。总之，恰当处理这两者之间的关系，保证建设项目在建设期与运营期降低与防止建设项目对周边环境影响是本文的主要目的之一。     

环境影响评价有效性评估理论研究

结合系统工程理论，初步建立环境影响评价有效性评估的概念方法和理论体系，据此对我国环境影响评价有效性进行初步评估，并提出进一步提高我国环境影响评价有效性的对策及建议。     

使用VB.NET绘制大气污染物浓度分布等值曲线

大气污染物浓度分布等值曲线的绘制是大气环境影响预测的一项重要工作.采用优化的黑白域矩形网格序列法,结合VB.NET环境下Metafile对象提供的矢量图形绘制新技术,可在一次数据扫描过程中同时实现黑白域划分、黑域边界提取、等值点拟合计算及序列化、等值线绘制等操作,计算量小、效率高、代码量少,可绘制任意浓度等值线,且等值线不相切.     

战略环境评价及其应用初探

概述了战略环境价的概念、产生原因、研究现状及其工作程序，结合川南矿肥工程项目对它进行了应用初探，提出了计划、规划层次ＳＥＡ的方法和指标，并对我国环评工作提出了建议。     

大气环境影响评价的不确定性分析

就我国大气环境影响评价目前存在的问题进行了阐述，提出了应当正确引导和规范大气环境影响评价，发展“标准化”的计算方法和评价方法，使影响预测结果具有代表性的可比性。     

The application of life cycle assessment to design

This paper explores the practical application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to product system development. While life cycle assessment methods have been studied and demonstrated extensively over the last two decades, their application to product design and development has not been critically addressed. Many organizational and operational factors limit the integration of the three LCA components (inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment) with product development. Design of the product system can be considered a synthesis of individual decisions and choices made by the design team, which ultimately shape the system's environmental profile. The environmental goal of life cycle design is to minimize the aggregate environmental impacts associated with the product system. Appropriate environmental information must be supplied to decision makers throughout each stage of the development process to achieve this goal. LCA can serve as a source of this information, but informational requirements can vary as the design moves from its conceptual phase, where many design choices are possible, to its detailed design and implementation. Streamlined approaches and other tools, such as design checklists, are essential. The practical use of this tool in product development also depends on the nature and complexity of the product system (e.g. new vs. established), the product development cycle (time-to-market constraints), availability of technical and financial resources, and the design approach (integrated vs. serial). These factors will influence the role and scope of LCA in product development. Effective communication and evaluation of environmental information and the integration of this information with cost, performance, cultural and legal criteria will also be critical to the success of design initiatives based on the life cycle framework. An overview of several of these design initiatives will be presented.